Appendix Inventories to Measure the Scope and Impact of Stigma Experiences from the Perspective of those who are Stigmatized – Consumer and Family Versions

Stuart, Heather; Koller, Michelle; Milev, Roumen

doi:10.1002/9780470997642.app1

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…Thus far, the issue of stigma has been approached through a public health perspective; [7] however, a clinical approach is necessary, yet has not been discussed for prevention and intervention of stigma. [19] Consistent with previous literature concerning patient self-stigma, [24] the present study reveals that the overwhelming majority of patient relatives believed that stigma originated from unawareness and the attitudes of people in society, as well as the family. Thus, it appears that the perceptions of relatives' experiences with stigma are no different from what has been found regarding patients self-reports.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…[18] A number of factors contribute to this diffi culty, including, but not limited to, clinical state to perceive consequences, ability to express insights and judgments adequately, the attitudes of the family members, and their own personal fear and shame. [19] As a result, an objective assessment of the impact of stigma is necessary for development of anti-stigma interventions. The present study does not examine whether family members face stigma themselves, but seeks to answer the question of how stigma and discrimination are perceived to be experienced by their patient family members, in order to determine which factors may be helpful for development of anti-stigma intervention programs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Psychiatric treatment as anti-stigma intervention: Objective assessment of stigma by families

Shrivastava¹,

Johnston²,

Sousa³

et al. 2014

Int J Med Public Health

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Background: Stigma related to mental illness is linked with suicide, violence, and lack of self-care, and thus should be treated as a clinical condition. For effective intervention, objective information about the impact of stigma is required in order to offer the best client-centered care. Objective: The present study seeks to answer the question of how stigma and discrimination are perceived to be experienced by their patient family members, to determine factors helpful for development of antistigma intervention programs. Materials and Methods: Three hundred family members of patients with schizophrenia provided their perceptions on aspects of stigma including anti-stigma interventions. There were two types of intervention strategies suggested (1) clinical measures and (2) public health measures. The predominant strategy was clinical measures which encompassed areas of availability of treatment, complete treatment, relapse prevention, and early intervention. Results: Furthermore, caregivers' emotional involvement (64.8%) in treatment was seen as an important measure to reduce stigma. No social and public awareness is going to bring change in patients' lives if stigma is not addressed at an individual level in a client-centric manner. Conclusion: The responses of patient relatives clearly bring out this opinion when they suggest potential treatment components as intervention measures.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychiatric treatment as anti-stigma intervention: Objective assessment of stigma by families

Shrivastava¹,

Johnston²,

Sousa³

et al. 2014

Int J Med Public Health

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“…The Inventory of Stigma Experiences targets people with a mental disorder who have received community-based treatment. 4 The modified version (now termed the Mental Health Experiences Scale) assesses levels of stigma experienced by people who have been treated for a mental illness in the year prior to the survey. This period was chosen (for example, over a lifetime prevalence measure) so that successive surveys could monitor change over time.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stigma in Canada: Results from a Rapid Response Survey

et al. 2014

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Objective Our paper presents findings from the first population survey of stigma in Canada using a new measure of stigma. Empirical objectives are to provide a descriptive profile of Canadian's expectations that people will devalue and discriminate against someone with depression, and to explore the relation between experiences of being stigmatized in the year prior to the survey among people having been treated for a mental illness with a selected number of sociodemographic and mental health—related variables. Method Data were collected by Statistics Canada using a rapid response format on a representative sample of Canadians ( n = 10 389) during May and June of 2010. Public expectations of stigma and personal experiences of stigma in the subgroup receiving treatment for a mental illness were measured. Results Over one-half of the sample endorsed 1 or more of the devaluation discrimination items, indicating that they believed Canadians would stigmatize someone with depression. The item most frequently endorsed concerned employers not considering an application from someone who has had depression. Over one-third of people who had received treatment in the year prior to the survey reported discrimination in 1 or more life domains. Experiences of discrimination were strongly associated with perceptions that Canadians would devalue someone with depression, younger age (12 to 15 years), and self-reported poor general mental health. Conclusions The Mental Health Experiences Module reflects an important partnership between 2 national organizations that will help Canada fulfill its monitoring obligations under the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and provide a legacy to researchers and policy-makers who are interested in monitoring changes in stigma over time.

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“…There are a number of scales measuring the subjective experience of stigma and discrimination (Stuart, Koller & Milev, 2008) with the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale being one of the most comprehensive and recent (Ritsher, Otilingam & Grajales, 2003). The measure of internalized stigma developed by Ritsher and co-workers is based on the idea that stigma associated with illness is caused by the perception of a difference or deviance, which is negatively perceived not only by people and society around the person, but also by the person themselves.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Internalized stigma of mental illness in Tehran, Iran

Ghanean¹,

Nojomi²,

Jacobsson³

2011

SRA

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Purpose: There are an increasing number of studies on the subjective experience of stigma amongst mentally ill persons but still few coming from low-and middle-income countries, and very few from Muslim countries. The objective of this study was to look into the experience of internalized stigma in mentally ill persons in Tehran, Iran. Methods:A total of 138 patients with an affective disorder or schizophrenia from three psychiatric institutions in Tehran responded to the Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale. This is a 29-item self-report questionnaire with good psychometricproperties. An open-ended question about personal experiences of discrimination was included at the end of the questionnaire. Results:The experience of stigma because of mental illnesses was high in this Iranian sample. The level of stigma was similar to studies from Europe that used the same questionnaire. Conclusion:This is the first study of self-perceived stigma in mentally ill persons in Iran. Stigma is a reality even in an Islamic setting in spite of the teachings of the Koran and a rather well-developed mental health service. Implications:These results call for actions to reduce the experience of stigma in mentally ill persons in Iran.

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Appendix Inventories to Measure the Scope and Impact of Stigma Experiences from the Perspective of those who are Stigmatized – Consumer and Family Versions

Cited by 15 publications

References 0 publications

Psychiatric treatment as anti-stigma intervention: Objective assessment of stigma by families

Psychiatric treatment as anti-stigma intervention: Objective assessment of stigma by families

Stigma in Canada: Results from a Rapid Response Survey

Internalized stigma of mental illness in Tehran, Iran

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