Appendix 3: Use of CIE Colorimetry in the Pulp, Paper, and Textile Industries

Hirschler, Robert; Zwinkels, Joanne C.

doi:10.1002/9780470175637.app3

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…More recently, research work was done, mainly about various new aspects of whiteness evaluation. Many interesting papers have been published 30‐35 . Moreover two CIE Technical committees, TC 1‐77 2 and TC 1‐95 36 have been created.…”

Section: New Solutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Whiteness evaluation: A review and new proposals

Sève

2021

Color Research & Application

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This publication carries out an in‐depth study of whiteness, various numerical evaluation methods that have been developed over the past 75 years, and review their application and deficiencies in the context of a new proposed Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) whiteness formula. The publication first introduces the basic principle of whiteness evaluation from the work of Judd and Selling around 1950, then that of Ganz in the 1970s and finally that of the CIE from 1969 to 1986. The defects of the Judd and Selling formulas became apparent with the use of fluorescent whitening agents. The CIE linear formula cannot predict an optimum for the optical whitening process. Hyperbolic formulas published are much too complicated and are unable to predict correctly the best conditions for that optical whitening. We present a new formula derived from that of the CIE, much simpler than the hyperbolic formulas, and able to predict an optimal shade in the optical whitening process. The formula takes into account the limitations of the white domain; when the blue saturation becomes too great, or when a tint deviation toward green or toward red is too noticeable. The formula gives results identical to those of the CIE formula when the materials are far from commercial whiteness limits. In addition, the formula can be very easily adapted to the CIELAB system and so, gives promising results.

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Section: New Solutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lines of hue deviation in the chromaticity diagram for Y = 95. Left side: Lines according to relation (32) with T CIE,0 = 5 for various whiteness W . Right side: Lines according to the same relation (32) but with an exponent value 2 for function H ( T ).…”

Section: New Solutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Whiteness evaluation: A review and new proposals

Sève

2021

Color Research & Application

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“…A standardized procedure is needed for how to apply this geometric correction (Hirschler and Zwinkels, 2008).…”

Section: Measurement Geometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Visual and instrumental evaluation of whiteness and yellowness

Hirschler

2010

Colour Measurement

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“…In this case the spectral power distribution of the irradiation has to conform to that of the selected illuminant. Since no simple method is known to realize CIE standard illuminant D65 as a source with a high enough accuracy, 13 for the instrumental determination of the ISO brightness of paper, Bristow and Karipidis recommended the use of illuminant C, 14,15 although a new standard (norm) is under development that will use simulated D65 irradiation. 16 For whiteness evaluation ISO has already established two standards, one for outdoor use 17 with illuminant D65, and the other for indoor use 18 with illuminant C. But in both these cases the proper realization of the SPD of the irradiation source is difficult.…”

Section: The Need For An Indoor Daylight Illuminant and Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

Proposal for an indoor daylight illuminant

Gombos

Pointer

Sik-Lányi

et al. 2008

Color Research & Application

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Two indoor daylight illuminants are recommended for general colorimetric and graphic arts use. The daylight illuminants are derived using CIE standard illuminant D65 and illuminant D50 together with the average spectral transmission of a large number of window glass samples. We show that the average window glass filters not only the blue part of the spectrum but also the red part to such an extent that it has to be taken into consideration. Apart from some extreme glass types, the bulk of the window glasses now in use do not show a very large variation in their spectral transmittances, so that an average curve can adequately represent their filtering action.

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Appendix 3: Use of CIE Colorimetry in the Pulp, Paper, and Textile Industries

Cited by 6 publications

References 8 publications

Whiteness evaluation: A review and new proposals

Whiteness evaluation: A review and new proposals

Visual and instrumental evaluation of whiteness and yellowness

Proposal for an indoor daylight illuminant

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