Appendicular Skeletal Muscle Mass Prediction in People Living With HIV: A Cross-sectional Study

Abstract

People living with HIV (PWH) experience an accelerated aging process. There is no anthropometric predictive model for appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM) in PWH. This study develops anthropometric models to predict and validate ASM measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in PWH; DXA scans were obtained for 125 PWH (male = 74; age >18 years) on antiretroviral therapy. Fat mass ratio was used for lipodystrophy diagnosis. A multiple stepwise linear regression considered ASMDXA as the dependent variable and validated by PRESS method. A high power of determination and low standard estimate error were found for ASMDXA-predicted (adjusted r2 = 0.84 to 0.87, standard estimate error = 1.7–1.6 kg) and high PRESS validation coefficients (Q2PRESS = 0.84–0.86, SPRESS = 1.7–1.6 kg). The variables included were lipodystrophy diagnosis, medial calf circumference, sex, and total body weight. We present novel, reliable, and validated anthropometric models to predict ASMDXA in PWH.

The use of non‐invasive imaging modalities for the assessment of skeletal muscle quantity and quality in people with HIV: A narrative review

“…The European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) operational definition defines the cut‐offs for appendicular skeletal muscle index as <5.67 kg/m 2 for women and <7.23 kg/m 2 for men [3] and is also commonly used. Other proposed cut‐offs include low appendicular skeletal muscle index as <6.56 kg/m 2 for men and <4.67 kg/m 2 for women and the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia definition, which defines low muscle mass as <7.0 kg/m 2 in males [38, 50]. Using these criteria, the prevalence of low muscle mass among PWH was approximately in the range 17–28%, with the highest prevalence among females and those aged >50 years [33, 34, 37, 45].…”