Appearance of Opsin-containing Vesicles as Rhabdomeric Precursors and Their Incorporation into the Rhabdom around Dusk in the Compound Eye of the Crab, Hemigrapsus sanguineus

Matsushita, Atsuko; Arikawa, Kentaro; Eguchi, Eisuke

doi:10.2108/zsj.16.25

Cited by 4 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Day‐to‐night rhabdom increases are reported for several other crab species (Figure 11), suggesting that nocturnal rhabdom widening may be widespread among intertidal brachyuran crabs. These increases range from a factor of 2.4 in Callinectes sapidus (Toh & Waterman, 1982) to 12.8 in Ocypode ceratopthalmus (Rosenburg & Langer, 2001), and rhabdoms can exceed 63 μm 2 in cross‐sectional area in the night‐adapted eye of Hemigrapsus sanguineus penicillatus (Matsushita et al, 1999). In comparison, A. tangeri does not appear to be as extreme in its rhabdom diameter cycling.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These increases range from a factor of 2.4 in Callinectes sapidus (Toh & Waterman, 1982) to 12.8 in Ocypode ceratopthalmus (Rosenburg & Langer, 2001), and rhabdoms can exceed 63 μm 2 in cross-sectional area in the night-adapted eye of Hemigrapsus sanguineus penicillatus (Matsushita et al, 1999). In comparison, A. tangeri does not appear to be as extreme in its rhabdom diameter cycling.…”

Section: Rhabdom Changesmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…White points at 180 min represent individuals that remained fully light-adapted until 15:00 (blue outline) and 00:00 (red outline) for comparison [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com] section, fully light-adapted eyes had a distinctive scallop-shaped edge to the rhabdom (Figure 9b), whereas edges were straight in dark-adapted eyes. At dusk the photoreceptor somas fill with endoplasmic reticulum tubules and vesicles likely to contain opsin (Matsushita, Arikawa, & Eguchi, 1999), ready to be incorporated into the rhabdom with onset of darkness ( Figure 9c). The palisade vacuoles of dark-adapted eyes tended to have more solid palisade vacuoles with fewer gaps than in lightadapted eyes (compare Figure 9b,d).…”

Section: Dark To Lightmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This would effectively adapt the eye from the very bright diurnal conditions in their tropical mudflat habitats to the gradual and predictable decreases in light levels at night. This appears to be a common mechanism across many arthropod taxa (Williams, 1982) and is also described as the primary adaptation strategy in Ocypode and Grapsus, for which the ultrastructural processes involved in microvillar membrane recycling by pinocytosis and reassembly have been closely examined (Nässel & Waterman, 1979;Blest et al, 1980;Stowe, 1980Stowe, , 1981Stowe, , 1983Toh & Waterman, 1982;Stowe, Fukudome, & Tanaka, 1986;Toh, 1987Toh, , 1990Arikawa et al, 1987;Matsushita et al, 1999;Rosenburg & Langer, 2001). Day-to-night rhabdom increases are reported for several other crab species (Figure 11), suggesting that nocturnal rhabdom widening may be widespread among intertidal brachyuran crabs.…”

Section: Rhabdom Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Light adaptation mechanisms in the eye of the fiddler crab Afruca tangeri

Brodrick

Roberts

Sumner‐Rooney

et al. 2020

J of Comparative Neurology

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A great diversity of adaptations is found among animals with compound eyes and even closely related taxa can show variation in their light-adaptation strategies. A prime example of a visual system evolved to function in specific light environments is the fiddler crab, used widely as a model to research aspects of crustacean vision and neural pathways. However, questions remain regarding how their eyes respond to the changes in brightness spanning many orders of magnitude, associated with their habitat and ecology. The fiddler crab Afruca tangeri forages at low tide on tropical and semi-tropical mudflats, under bright sunlight and on moonless nights, suggesting that their eyes undergo effective light adaptation. Using synchrotron X-ray tomography, light and transmission electron microscopy and in vivo ophthalmoscopy, we describe the ultrastructural changes in the eye between day and night. Dark adaptation at dusk triggered extensive widening of the rhabdoms and crystalline cone tips. This doubled the ommatidial acceptance angles and increased microvillar surface area for light capture in the rhabdom, theoretically boosting optical sensitivity 7.4 times. During daytime, only partial dark-adaptation was achieved and rhabdoms remained narrow, indicating strong circadian control on the process. Bright light did not evoke changes in screening pigment distributions, suggesting a structural inability to adapt rapidly to the light level fluctuations frequently experienced when entering their burrow to escape predators. This should enable fiddler crabs to shelter for several minutes without undergoing significant dark-adaptation, their vision remaining effectively adapted for predator detection when surfacing again in bright light.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Rhabdom Changesmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Dark To Lightmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Rhabdom Changesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Light adaptation mechanisms in the eye of the fiddler crab Afruca tangeri

Brodrick

Roberts

Sumner‐Rooney

et al. 2020

J of Comparative Neurology

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“…In general, vesicles in the cytoplasm of photoreceptor cells are derived from the endoplasmic reticulum, and some are destined to be incorporated into the base of microvilli (crab; Matsushita et al 1999) or into the nascent disk membranes of vertebrate rods (Usukura and Obata 1995) in which the photoreceptive membrane is assembled. Other related studies with anti-opsin antibody have reported that the rhabdoms and cell organelles, e.g., rough endoplasmic reticulum, subrhabdomeric cisternae, and Golgi bodies in the cytoplasm of the photoreceptor cells, show positive reactivity to the antibody, suggesting that they are part of the rhabdomeric photoreceptive membrane system (Robles et al 1987;Stowe et al 1990;Suzuki and Hirosawa 1991;Matsushita et al 1999;Wolfrum and Schmitt 2000). Furthermore, visual Gq protein in the cytoplasmic vesicles adjacent to the rhabdomeric microvilli has been localized in the Limulus ventral nerve photoreceptors by immunoelectron microscopy (Dorlöchter et al 1997).…”

Section: Cytoplasmic Organelles Related To Membrane Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastructure and localization of a visual Gq protein in ied epitoke ocelli of Perinereis brevicirris (Polychaeta, Annelida)

2005

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Functional ultrastructural changes in the rhabdomeric photoreceptors of the cerebral ocelli are described for normal and sexually mature (epitoke) Perinereis brevicirris (Polychaeta, Annelida). With sexual maturation, the cerebral ocelli hypertrophied, increasing in volume to 5.5 times that of ocelli in the normal state, and the thickness of the retinal layer increased up to 10 times. Perinereis ocelli have a pigmented retinal layer consisting of at least two cell types: photoreceptor cell (PR) and pigmented supporting cells (PS). In epitoke ocelli, PR bear well-developed rhabdomeric microvilli, multilamellar bodies, and numerous cytoplasmic membranous structures, including vesicles, smooth endoplasmic reticulum, and secondary lysosomes. Localization of a visual Gq protein in the ocelli was studied with anti-GqC antibody. The antibody strongly labeled not only microvilli and multilamellar bodies throughout the retinal layer, but also secondary lysosomes and vesicles in the cytoplasm of the PR in the epitoke ocelli, although labeling was observed only in the microvilli and multilamellar bodies in normal ocelli. Reverse transcription/polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that the amount of G protein alpha subunit mRNA in the epitoke head increased by roughly twice that of the normal head. Since Gq protein is essential for phototransduction in Perinereis ocelli, these results suggest that the sites are involved in photoreceptive membrane turnover, which occurs much more extensively in epitoke ocelli. Thus, epitoke ocelli may represent a model system for studying rhabdomeric photoreceptive membrane turnover.

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Fiddler crab electroretinograms reveal vast circadian shifts in visual sensitivity and temporal summation in dim light

Brodrick

How

Hemmi

2022

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Many animals with compound eyes undergo major optical changes to adjust visual sensitivity from day to night, often under control of a circadian clock. In fiddler crabs, this presents most conspicuously in the huge volume increase of photopigment-packed rhabdoms and the widening of crystalline cone apertures at night. These changes are hypothesised to adjust the light flux to the photoreceptors and to alter optical sensitivity as the eye moves between light- and dark-adapted states. Here, we compare optical sensitivity in fiddler crab eyes (Gelasimus dampieri) during daytime and night via three electroretinogram (ERG) experiments performed on light- and dark-adapted crabs. 1) Light intensity required to elicit a threshold ERG response varied over six orders of magnitude, allowing more sensitive vision for discriminating small contrasts in dim light after dusk. During daytime, the eyes remained relatively insensitive, which would allow effective vision on bright mudflats, even after prolonged dark adaptation. 2) Flicker fusion frequency (FFF) experiments indicated that temporal summation is employed in dim light to increase light-gathering integration times and enhance visual sensitivity during both night and day. 3) ERG responses to flickering lights during 60 mins of dark adaptation increased at a faster rate and greater extent after sunset compared to daytime. However, even brief, dim and intermittent light exposure strongly disrupted dark-adaptation processes. Together, these findings demonstrate effective light adaptation to optimise vision over the large range of light intensities that these animals experience.

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Appearance of Opsin-containing Vesicles as Rhabdomeric Precursors and Their Incorporation into the Rhabdom around Dusk in the Compound Eye of the Crab, Hemigrapsus sanguineus

Cited by 4 publications

References 39 publications

Light adaptation mechanisms in the eye of the fiddler crab Afruca tangeri

Light adaptation mechanisms in the eye of the fiddler crab Afruca tangeri

Ultrastructure and localization of a visual Gq protein in ied epitoke ocelli of Perinereis brevicirris (Polychaeta, Annelida)

Fiddler crab electroretinograms reveal vast circadian shifts in visual sensitivity and temporal summation in dim light

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