“…baroclinic instability flow, was observed by the X-ray visualization system, when the crucible/crystal rotation rate was increased, as shown in Fig. 1.20 [24,25]. This is due to coupling of the where g, β, T , h, ω c , r c and ν are gravitational acceleration, volumetric thermal expansion of silicon melt, temperature difference between the top and the bottom, melt height, crucible rotational rate, crucible radius and kinematic viscosity of silicon melt, respectively.…”