Appearance, Expansion and Chemical Control of Fire Blight (Erwinia Amylovora) in Romania

Severin, V.; Constantinescu, F.; Jianu, F.

doi:10.17660/actahortic.1999.489.9

Cited by 5 publications

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“…In an unsuccessful effort to eradicate fire blight in Italy in the late 1990s, approximately 500,000 pear trees were destroyed in the Po Valley, a major pear production area (4). Likewise, nearly one million pear, apple and quince trees were destroyed in Romania and Croatia during the 1990s in an unsuccessful effort to stop the spread of fire blight in those countries (9,47).…”

Section: Fire Blight: the Primary Use Of Antibiotics On Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of antibiotics in plant agriculture

Stockwell

Duffy²

2012

Rev. Sci. Tech. OIE

237

144

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Antibiotics are essential for control of bacterial diseases of plants, especially fire blight of pear and apple and bacterial spot of peach. Streptomycin is used in several countries; the use of oxytetracycline, oxolinic acid and gentamicin is limited to only a few countries. Springtime antibiotic sprays suppress pathogen growth on flowers and leaf surfaces before infection; after infection, antibiotics are ineffective. Antibiotics are applied when disease risk is high, and consequently the majority of orchards are not treated annually. In 2009 in the United States, 16,465 kg (active ingredient) was applied to orchards, which is 0.12% of the total antibiotics used in animal agriculture. Antibiotics are active on plants for less than a week, and significant residues have not been found on harvested fruit. Antibiotics have been indispensable for crop protection in the United States for more than 50 years without reports of adverse effects on human health or persistent impacts on the environment. Keywords Antibiotic residue-Bacterial panicle blight of rice-Bacterial spot of peach-Burkholderia glumae-Erwinia amylovora-Fire blight of pear and apple-Gentamicin-Oxolinic acid-Oxytetracycline-Plant disease control-Streptomycin-Xanthomonas arboricola pv. Pruni.

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Section: Fire Blight: the Primary Use Of Antibiotics On Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of antibiotics in plant agriculture

Stockwell

Duffy²

2012

Rev. Sci. Tech. OIE

237

144

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“…The first outbreak of fire blight to occur in Europe was in England in 1958 (Crosse et al, 1958). Major outbreaks of the disease have since occurred rarely, but notable outbreaks were on pear (in 1957, 1966, and 1967) and on apple and hawthorn (in 1978, 1982, and 1989) (Locke et al, 1993), and one of the most severe outbreaks of the disease occurred in Romania on apple and pear trees (Severin et al, 1999). Ireland has been recognized as a protected zone for some harmful plant pathogens, including that which causes fire blight disease, and species such as Cotoneaster require a document or ‘Plant Passport’ for importation into Ireland.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and Differentiation of Irish Erwinia amylovora Isolates

Brennan

Doohan

Egan

et al. 2002

Journal of Phytopathology

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Between 1986 and 1998, isolates of Erwinia amylovora were obtained from rosaceous plant species throughout Ireland. Sixty five of these isolates have been compared with 10 E. amylovora isolates from Bulgaria, the Czech Republic and Greece, seven other Erwinia isolates and one Pseudomonas isolate (83 isolates in total). Their identity was confirmed by the pear test and by chromosome and plasmid-specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis was used to study the genetic variability of the 65 Irish isolates. Six random primers (CUGEA 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6) were used for random amplified RAPD analysis; the degree of amplification differed with the primers, but all produced at least 13 (CUGEA 1) and at most 27 (CUGEA 5) different RAPD profiles. Phylogenetic analysis of the RAPD profiles showed that 44 of the 65 Irish isolates showed genetic homogenicity (s ! 0:92), but the remaining 21 isolates were more genetically diverse than the other Irish isolates and the foreign E. amylovora isolates. There was no significant relationship between the genetic variability of the Irish E. amylovora isolates (based on RAPD analysis) and the host species, year of isolation or their geographical origin. U. S.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The susceptibility of PI1/6 to fire blight was probably due to its parent Kontoula which is very susceptible to this disease (unpublished data). BC Williams has been reported as a moderately susceptible cultivar to fire blight (Al-Dahmashi, Khlaif 2004;Severin et al 1999). Hodnocení afinity odrůd hrušní BC Williams a PI1/6 se 49 genotypy kdouloní a jejich citlivosti ke spále růžokvětých ABSTRAKT: Práce je zaměřena na hodnocení roubové snášenlivosti odrůd BC Williams a PI1/6 se 49 genotypy kdouloní.…”

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“…Over the last few years the pear cultivation has been limited in Greece because of fire blight, which is a very destructive disease caused by the bacterium Erwinia amylovora. Some researchers reported that the cultivar BC Williams is moderately susceptible to fire blight (Al-Dahmashi, Khlaif 2004;Severin et al 1999), while others described it as susceptible (Bagnara et al 1994). The aim of this study was to evaluate the compatibility of the pear cultivars BC Williams and PI1/6 with 49 quince genotypes.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of BC Williams and PI1/6 pear cultivars for their compatibility with 49 quince genotypes and their susceptibility to fire blight: Short communicaton

Thomidis¹,

Tsipouridis²

2006

Hort. Sci. (Prague)

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ABSTRACT:In this study, the compatibility of the pear cultivars PI1/6 and BC Williams with 49 quince genotypes was evaluated. The results showed that the cv. PI1/6 had a good compatibility with several of the quince genotypes, and the cv. BC Williams only with a few of them. Differences were also found in their susceptibility to fire blight (Erwinia amylovora). The cultivar PI1/6 was very susceptible, while the cultivar BC Williams was relatively tolerant. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONThe compatibility between rootstock and cultivar is a crucial factor that should be considered before making the decision to establish a pear orchard. The quince rootstocks are widely used in pear orchards, because of their good adaptation in Greek soil and climate conditions; they are also suitable Values are the mean of 5 consecutive years (Rivalta et al. 1989a,b;Sansavini et al. 1997).The results also showed that the cultivar PI1/6 was very susceptible (mean of index = 7.8), while the cultivar BC Williams was rather tolerant (mean of index = 4.3) ( Table 2). Ten of the PI1/6 trees died during the experiments; in contrast, no BC Williams tree died. The susceptibility of PI1/6 to fire blight was probably due to its parent Kontoula which is very susceptible to this disease (unpublished data). BC Williams has been reported as a moderately susceptible cultivar to fire blight (Al-Dahmashi, Khlaif 2004;Severin et al. 1999). Hodnocení afinity odrůd hrušní BC Williams a PI1/6 se 49 genotypy kdouloní a jejich citlivosti ke spále růžokvětých ABSTRAKT: Práce je zaměřena na hodnocení roubové snášenlivosti odrůd BC Williams a PI1/6 se 49 genotypy kdouloní. Část těchto genotypů měla dobrou afinitu s novou řeckou odrůdou PI1/6 a několik z nich i s odrůdou BC Williams. Rozdíly mezi těmito odrůdami byly nalezeny i po stránce jejich citlivosti ke spále růžokvětých (Erwinia amylovora). Odrůda PI1/6 byla velmi citlivá, zatímco odrůda BC Williams byla vůči této chorobě relativně tolerantní.

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Appearance, Expansion and Chemical Control of Fire Blight (Erwinia Amylovora) in Romania

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Use of antibiotics in plant agriculture

Use of antibiotics in plant agriculture

Characterization and Differentiation of Irish Erwinia amylovora Isolates

Evaluation of BC Williams and PI1/6 pear cultivars for their compatibility with 49 quince genotypes and their susceptibility to fire blight: Short communicaton

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