Apparent Universality of Positive Implicit Self-Esteem

Yamaguchi, Susumu; Greenwald, Anthony G.; Banaji, Mahzarin R.; Murakami, Fumio; Chen, Daniel; Shiomura, Kimihiro; Kobayashi, Chihiro; Cai, Huajian; Krendl, Anne C.

doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01928.x

Cited by 185 publications

(187 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…As expected, the IRAPSE showed a significant effect for the self-positive response bias as indexed by significant one-sample t-tests in all diagnostic groups (ps ≤ 0.001). This is in line with (1) previous SE IRAP effects (e.g., [40] and [41]) and (2) findings for the 'universality' of self-positive implicit biases (e.g., [37]). An odd-even split-half procedure (applying the Spearman-Brown formula) was used to assess the reliability of the IRAP [42].…”

Section: Preliminary Analysessupporting

confidence: 92%

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Implicit and explicit self-esteem discrepancies in people with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures

Dimaro

Roberts

Moghaddam

et al. 2015

Epilepsy & Behavior

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Purpose: Self-esteem (SE), or one's sense of competence and worth, is reduced in many mental and physical\ud disorders. Low SE is associated with perceived stigma and disability and poor treatment outcomes. The present\ud study examined implicit and explicit SE (automatic and deliberate views about the self) in people with epilepsy\ud and people with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures (PNESs). Discrepancies between implicit SE and explicit SE\ud have been found to correlate with psychological distress in disorders often associated with PNESs but are\ud relatively unexplored in PNESs. We hypothesized that, compared with epilepsy, PNESs would be associated\ud with lower self-reported SE and greater discrepancies between implicit SE and explicit SE.\ud Methods: Thirty adults with PNESs, 25 adults with epilepsy, and 31 controls without a history of seizures were\ud asked to complete the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale as a measure of explicit SE and an Implicit Relational\ud Assessment Procedure as a measure of implicit SE. The State–Trait Anxiety Inventory and Patient Health\ud Questionnaire—15 (a somatic symptom inventory) were also administered.\ud Results: We found significant group differences in explicit (p b 0.001) but not implicit SE. Patients with PNESs\ud reported lower SE than the other groups. No group differences were found in implicit SE. Implicit–explicit SE\ud discrepancies were larger in the group with PNESs than in the other groups (p b 0.001). Higher frequency of\ud PNESs (but not epileptic seizures) was associatedwith lower explicit SE (rs=−.83, p b 0.01) and greater SE discrepancies\ud (i.e., lower explicit relative to implicit SE; rs = .65, p b 0.01). These relationships remained significant\ud when controlling for anxiety and somatization.\ud Conclusion: Patients with PNESs had lower explicit SE than those with epilepsy or healthy controls. In keeping\ud with our expectations, there were greater discrepancies between implicit SE and explicit SE among patients\ud with PNESs than in the other groups. Our results, including the strong relationship between PNES frequency,\ud anxiety, and explicit–implicit SE discrepancies, support the interpretation that PNESs serve to reduce cognitive\ud dissonance, perhaps protecting patients' implicit SE

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Section: Preliminary Analysessupporting

confidence: 92%

“…During "inconsistent" blocks, the response contingencies were reversed. Trials were deemed to be "consistent" and "inconsistent" based on findings for the 'universality' of self-positive implicit biases (e.g., [37]). Fig.…”

Section: Implicit Relational Assessment Procedures (Irap)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Implicit and explicit self-esteem discrepancies in people with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures

Dimaro

Roberts

Moghaddam

et al. 2015

Epilepsy & Behavior

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show abstract

“…Implicit self-esteem is a much researched construct of recent years (e.g., Koole, Dijksterhuis, & van Knippenberg, 2001 ;Yamaguchi et al, 2007 ). In a general sense, implicit self-esteem is defi ned as an automatic evaluation of the self that occurs nonconsciously and affects spontaneous reactions to self-relevant stimuli (Bosson, et al 2000 ).…”

Section: Improving Implicit Self-esteemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reflection and Impulse as Determinants of Human Behavior

Krishna

Strack

2017

Knowledge and Space

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“…Much of the research conducted on the implicit measurement of self-esteem includes two categories (or samples): one that reflects the self and one that reflects the other (e.g., Vahey et al, 2009). These implicit measures, therefore, assess both attitudes toward the self and attitudes toward others (Karpinski, 2004;Yamaguchi et al, 2007) or, in the case of the IRAP, relational responding in regard to the self and with respect to someone (or some concept) outside of the self. The current studies used two samples that exclusively reflect responding in regard to the self, thereby eliminating the "other" comparison.…”

Section: Purpose Of Current Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, body-image satisfaction has been shown to be related to overall self-esteem and self-efficacy (Ip & Jarry, 2008;Mercurio & Landry, 2008;Verplanken & Velsvik, 2008). Given that previous research on the measurement of implicit beliefs about the self has found a weak correlation between implicit and explicit measures of self-esteem (Greenwald et al, 2002;Olson et al, 2007;Yamaguchi et al, 2007), it was hypothesized that women would have positive D IRAP scores and that the size of the D IRAP score would be significantly (but weakly) associated with greater body-image satisfaction and body-image acceptance and less internalization of the thin ideal. Furthermore, it was hypothesized that there might be differences in body satisfaction (measured implicitly) when comparing dieters to nondieters.…”

Section: Studymentioning

confidence: 99%