Apparent subclinical hepatopathy due to excess copper intake in lactating Holstein cattle

Abstract

a, b Means in the same column with different superscripts are significantly different (P<0.05) LF Low-forage diet, HF High-forage diet (OP111 1R toXiCit ill ildUlt dails'' Calttle iS bC1ing mici as''igls d1ta(ilos'ed in the L'K. 'I'lh \Vetetrmilars Laboratorie's icncv ccotrded 34 iniidenixts rom I980) to 1998, 1atid 33' separa.te 11be s \v c -alt-1tected ft o1il 1 999 to 20)0)2 (I is eCse C ld othitl-1)02. ).li It pritciple, coppet iiitoxicatioIn in cattlet is like the ctoIditiOti ill shlccp altiout (hli close Iratcs that CanSe alCCLnnn11a]1 tiOnl ate ninCh h, liglher ini caIttle Underssnod and SLIttlC 1 999). III s1le p, coppet Poisoning is a to )-stagc [pi (ceSs. In the tii st stage Cop)[)per aCCnInllltes ill tlhe li\ Cer tInSillng SLiti)CIill d'etllet ationl \\sitli thei e'e1a's (it Cnisvilmes ilnto the blood. 1,)nIin10 tile SeCCIond Stag.C, e\tenSi\ C lis er degeneir1titoll OCCnrPS llldC01[)t'' i 1't1t'IXt'sd t-lOIll the liI'V'l', LISLI, 1 L IS C ltlAlT 'I .itlt.1 clipper is reeae tto hels i,on vl Canng hlia'leilcosNtic crIisis Unldlets rood and StLittl 1'999). 1r)r'atl,tic tic Iases ill the colnctiltrl tiolt of coppClt ill the blood allt otily sceni in the secotid phalISe (SoLttleP 19)94). ''llLIS, ll helrds sw ith cliti cal co pper tOxicity, clitiical cases pt robablsy Iet'pcstcit otlly a silIl pot tiotl of actnill Cases of cpe poislloning. Lis ese 1ttd litlict's 2))_2 Itepot tei a lbtcid pi valci-icc o(t Iess thia pel' Ctllt, butt ill 18 hlic'ls wlhich thle itlnvestigat'cltcd closels, 1( hla1d1 aisignificant p 'aletIlCC (it OS cliniMcaI lih)ptic degeticcrtiotl(celvsitec isVer Ctl/ 1 ie con1cti1tratiotIs il petIiplcral blood). -k CSt( )[) [)C I to)NiCitv CSS It\N( tlmF1(ttX, IICt0 t(l))t1 t\l Ct1LICAsc(fpet tOI..It is a twso(Istagle pr-oces heaopts o to c0ppr iiltakc tilts OCliCl ill lhcrds W ithoLIt clinlcal sI (iils (it toxticits. Howeveet, a ss ide range of factot s IalId discases cai sign int le atte Ilood is \t eI s t1 ileCs, so thir ele vatio(t1 is lot ciagim"lostic of fit t-stalgc copprCl toicitv. 1(1 clCillonllStrIte the li1ik, it is itilpOt tant t(i shols that ccl TlteCl is et eIizs ilies dtearCIse ill Itespolus to the t etmiiovil ot clpper I-This slort C(lili it,tIlication desc riics aii irisesti.ationI ill a 25))-cos cdait itv ill s(i0ttli-wsset ScotlInd that hlad been fedi xecess COp pCI, bUit hIld repot-ted iio cliical cases (itfcopper poisoIlIssruwCts liactaltitig, lhoLIscd ccs Nscrc selccteciaid filooch Satiillplecl, LISitig licparitliXscd tUtiCS, t() IllaStLl eC plaisma copperC Illd (uILIll.late dclisydrogerase ( in aftet-els atecd copfpcicoticciltr Itiollt sswcre tfoLitid ii a calf at postiliot-tetlil Cexillai llatiol. ti c(s\ss ere silecl fr-otii a grou.tp b eiCig ted a h'ight-o gIeC (i 1) diet, aiid I \VsClC Salllpled ft-01l1 oia gi otIp beingL td a los-sforage diet in Nklrcll 2003 (titiic 1)I lic cowss setre sepat lItcd iiito tsso cliffertcit totrage rcgitileC IsbeIlaSe tIlC fatlIll W51, pat I lit af loago-tem i tIstus (if geCletic atich etnvis ilinenit initeractiolls; tIlh tsso gr-oups ...

Assessment of Some Blood Parameters as Potential Markers of Hepatic Copper Accumulation in Cattle

“…Several authors have postulated that hepatic enzymes may also be useful early markers during the long-term, subclinical phase of hepatic Cu accumulation, 21,23 on the basis of the fact that, during this silent phase, some cells undergo necrosis, leading to increases in enzyme activities in the blood. However, in line with the present results, other authors 35,41 have found only weak correlation between serum enzyme activities and hepatic Cu values or clinical manifestations of hepatic insufficiency.…”

“…In recent years, however, an increasing number of episodes of Cu toxicosis have been reported in cattle, 6,23,40 even at Cu concentrations well below those regarded as toxic in the literature. 17,29 In most instances, Cu toxicosis in cattle is associated with excess Cu intake in the ration, as well as with changes in the type and bioavailability of dietary Cu supplements.…”

“…In fact, in a recent study of herds with clinical Cu toxicosis, the clinical cases represented only a small proportion of the actual cases of Cu poisoning. 23 Identification of animals in this silent, chronic phase of Cu accumulation is important to avoid not only economic losses due to subsequent severe disease or death, but also to avoid subclinical disease, and to adapt Cu supplementation to physiologic needs.…”

Factors affecting trace element status in calves in NW Spain

“…However, trace metals that are included as mineral supplements may have toxic effects at supra-optimal concentrations (Underwood and Suttle, 2002). For example, chronic Cu toxicity in cattle has been associated with excessive Cu intake in the concentrate ration, as well as with changes in the type and bioavailability of dietary Cu supplements (Galey et al, 1991;Laven et al, 2004). In addition, supplementing diets at concentrations in excess of requirement greatly increases mineral loss in cattle waste, and so should be avoided to prevent possible environmental problems associated with run-off from waste or application of cattle waste to soil (Vasconcelos et al, 2006).…”

Histochemistry evaluation of the oxidative stress and the antioxidant status in Cu-supplemented cattle

“…However, in recent years an increase in the number of episodes of Cu toxicity has been reported in cattle reared under intensive systems (Bidewell et al, 2000;VLA, 2001). Cu oversupplementation has been associated with subclinical hepatopathy and increase in liver enzymes without clinical signs of toxicity (Laven et al, 2004). It is widely accepted that diagnosis of chronic Cu toxicity is complicated and that health risk assessment cannot be based solely on Cu chemical analyses (Walker, 1998;Kakkar and Jaffery, 2005).…”