Apparent Incentive Contrast Effects in Autoshaping with Rats

Papini, Mauricio R.; Ludvigson, H. Wayne; Huneycutt, David; Boughner, Robert L.

doi:10.1006/lmot.2001.1088

Cited by 28 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 22 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Emotional responses can modulate the speed of the response decrement occurring during appetitive extinction. So, rats trained with large versus small rewards and shifted to extinction exhibit differential rates of response decrement—faster after large reward than after small reward acquisition (Wagner, 1961; Papini et al., 2001). One explanation of this phenomenon, called the magnitude of reinforcement extinction effect (MREE), is that the omission of a large reward conditions a stronger anticipation of frustration than the omission of a small reward and, therefore, a stronger avoidance of the goal that accelerates extinction (Amsel, 1992).…”

Section: Avian Frustrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avian Emotions: Comparative Perspectives on Fear and Frustration

2019

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Emotions are complex reactions that allow individuals to cope with significant positive and negative events. Research on emotion was pioneered by Darwin’s work on emotional expressions in humans and animals. But Darwin was concerned mainly with facial and bodily expressions of significance for humans, citing mainly examples from mammals (e.g., apes, dogs, and cats). In birds, emotional expressions are less evident for a human observer, so a different approach is needed. Understanding avian emotions will provide key evolutionary information on the evolution of related behaviors and brain circuitry. Birds and mammals are thought to have evolved from different groups of Mesozoic reptiles, theropod dinosaurs and therapsids, respectively, and therefore, their common ancestor is likely to be a basal reptile living about 300 million years ago, during the Carboniferous or Permian period. Yet, birds and mammals exhibit extensive convergence in terms of relative brain size, high levels of activity, sleep/wakefulness cycles, endothermy, and social behavior, among others. This article focuses on two basic emotions with negative valence: fear and frustration. Fear is related to the anticipation of dangerous or threatening stimuli (e.g., predators or aggressive conspecifics). Frustration is related to unexpected reward omissions or devaluations (e.g., loss of food or sexual resources). These results have implications for an understanding of the conditions that promote fear and frustration and for the evolution of supporting brain circuitry.

show abstract

Section: Avian Frustrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Avian Emotions: Comparative Perspectives on Fear and Frustration

2019

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In contrast, bees which experienced an upshift in feeder quality did not show any feeding interruptions (Bitterman, 1976; Couvillon and Bitterman, 1984). While negative successive contrast effects – akin to disappointment – have been well described in animals, positive successive contrast effects – akin to elation – have often proved elusive (Bower, 1961; Black, 1968; Capaldi and Lynch, 1967; Dunham, 1968; Papini et al, 2001). There are several factors which may prevent positive contrast effects from being detected.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positive and negative incentive contrasts lead to relative value perception in ants

Wendt

Strunk

Heınze³

et al. 2019

eLife

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Humans usually assess things not according to their absolute value, but relative to reference points – a main tenant of Prospect Theory. For example, people rate a new salary relative to previous salaries and salaries of their peers, rather than absolute income. We demonstrate a similar effect in an insect: ants expecting to find low-quality food showed higher acceptance of medium-quality food than ants expecting medium quality, and vice versa for high expectations. Further experiments demonstrate that these contrast effects arise from cognitive rather than mere sensory or pre-cognitive perceptual causes. Social information gained inside the nest can also serve as a reference point: the quality of food received from other ants affected the perceived value of food found later. Value judgement is a key element in decision making, and thus relative value perception strongly influences which option is chosen and ultimately how all animals make decisions.

show abstract

“…These models indicate that training with a larger US will instantiate more-rapid learning and a greater conditioned response at asymptotic levels of behavior. Additionally, manipulations of reward magnitude have been shown to affect the perception of hedonic properties of reward (e.g., contrast effects; Crespi, 1942; Mellgren & Dyck, 1974; Papini, Ludvigson, Huneycutt, & Boughner, 2001), choice and discrimination acquisition (Capaldi, Alptekin, & Birmingham, 1997; Davenport, 1970; Rose, Schmidt, Grabemann, & Güntürkün, 2009), and resistance to extinction (Capaldi & Capaldi, 1970; Davidson, Capaldi, & Peterson, 1982; Leonard, 1969; Morris & Capaldi, 1979; Papini & Thomas, 1997). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The modulation of operant variation by the probability, magnitude, and delay of reinforcement

Stahlman

Blaisdell

2011

Learning and Motivation

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recent studies have demonstrated that the expectation of reward delivery has an inverse relationship with operant behavioral variation (e.g., Stahlman, Roberts, & Blaisdell, 2010). Research thus far has largely focused on one aspect of reinforcement – the likelihood of food delivery. In two experiments with pigeons, we examined the effect of two other aspects of reinforcement: the magnitude of the reward and the temporal delay between the operant response and outcome delivery. In the first experiment, we found that a large reward magnitude resulted in reduced spatiotemporal variation in pigeons’ pecking behavior. In the second experiment, we found that a 4-s delay between response-dependent trial termination and reward delivery increased variation in behavior. These results indicate that multiple dimensions of the reinforcer modulate operant response variation.

show abstract

Apparent Incentive Contrast Effects in Autoshaping with Rats

Cited by 28 publications

References 22 publications

Avian Emotions: Comparative Perspectives on Fear and Frustration

Avian Emotions: Comparative Perspectives on Fear and Frustration

Positive and negative incentive contrasts lead to relative value perception in ants

The modulation of operant variation by the probability, magnitude, and delay of reinforcement

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About