Apparent digestibility of nutrients and energy of conventional ingredients for the silver mojarra, Diapterus rhombeus

Abstract

Knowledge on the nutritional value of feed ingredient is an important step in the formulation of diets in order to maximize animal productivity. Thus a study was conducted to determine the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of dry matter (ADCDM), crude protein (ADCCP), gross energy (ADCGE) and amino acids (ADCAA) of conventional feed ingredients for juvenile silver mojarra (13.0 ± 3.23 g). The study was conducted in the laboratory for nutrition and feeding of fish (AQUANUT), using 80 silver mojarra collected in nature, which were kept in digestibility aquaria for a period of 21 days. The following ingredients were evaluated: fish meal, soybean meal, corn meal, corn gluten meal, rice bran, wheat bran and starch, which substituted 30% of a reference pelletized diet with 325.00 g kg crude protein and 3,692 Kcal kg -1 gross energy. Additionally 1.0 g kg -1 chrome oxide was added to each diet as a marker. The excreta were obtained using three repetitions for each tested ingredient, which were dried for further analyses. The soybean meal showed the best ADCDM value (67.45%), followed by the other ingredients. There was no significant difference between the soybean meal (95.16%), fish meal (92.97%) and the corn meal (91.90%) for the best ADCCP coefficients. The ADCGE for soybean meal and maize meal were 65.23% and 60.31%, respectively, followed by fish meal (51.85%). The results demonstrate that silver mojarra can digest animal protein as well as that of vegetal origin. Silver mojarra can also efficiently digest and absorb some of the main amino acids of fish, such as lysine, methionine and threonine, from the same studied ingredients. Key words: Acará-peba. Amino acid. Mariculture. Nutritional value. ResumoO conhecimento do valor nutritivo de alimentos é um passo importante na formulação de dietas para maximizar a produtividade animal. Foi realizado um estudo para determinar os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente (CDA) da matéria seca (CDAMS), da proteína bruta (CDAPB), da energia bruta (CDAEB) e dos aminoácidos (CDAAA) de ingredientes convencionais para juvenis de carapeba (13 ± 3,23 g). O estudo foi realizado no Laboratório de Nutrição e Alimentação de Peixes (AQUANUT), utilizando 80 exemplares de carapeba, coletados na natureza, que foram mantidos em aquários de digestibilidade no período de 21 dias. Foram avaliados os seguintes ingredientes: farinha de peixe, farelo de soja, fubá de milho, farelo de glúten de milho, farelo de arroz, farelo de trigo e amido, que substituíram 30% de uma dieta referência peletizada com 325,00 g kg -1 de proteína bruta e 3,692 Kcal kg -1 de energia bruta, utilizando 1,0 g kg -1 óxido de cromo como marcador. As excretas foram obtidas utilizando três repetições para cada ingrediente testado, e após a secagem foram realizadas as análises laboratoriais. O farelo de soja apresentou o melhor resultado para o CDAMS (67,45%) seguido pelos demais ingredientes. Para o CDAPB não houve diferença significativa entre o farelo de soja (95,16%), a farinha de peixe (92,97%) e o fub...

Apparent digestibility in marine mutton snapper juveniles and digestive activity of enzymes

“…The enzymatic activity of amylase was low in the mutton snapper, similarly reported by other species of carnivorous fish, as Hoplias malabaricus, Paralichthys orbignyanus and Arapaima gigas (Cipriano, et al, 2016;Gioda, et al, 2017;Candiotto, et al, 2018).…”

“…The low ADCDM on shrimp meal (29.19%) to the other ingredients was by the amount of ash (30.9%) and chitin present in the shrimp shell making up between 15-20% of its weight, being a natural fiber more abundant after the cellulose (Shahidi, et al, 1999). The low dry matter digestibility of soybean meal (30.98%) by mutton snapper, values below to those observed in pirarucus (76.7%) (Cipriano, et al 2016) and mojarra (67.45%) (Magalhães Jr., et al, 2016).…”

“…The apparent digestibility of the dry matter, crude protein, and gross energy were low (P < 0.05) for shrimp residue meal and soybean meal. (Magalhães Jr., et al, 2016), but below to those observed in Arapaima gigas (89.2%) (Cipriano, et al, 2016). It relates the fishmeal composition to fish species, age, time of year, stocking conditions, among others, and may vary constantly (Moghaddam, et al, 2007), being difficult to compare digestibility values with other fish species.…”

“…This high digestibility efficiency is because of the abundance of the essential amino acids (arginine, leucine and lysine), and the non-essential amino acids (glutamate and aspartate) that make up these protein sources (Valverde, et al, 2013). The spotted catfish Pseudoplatystoma coruscans (Gonçalves & Carneiro, 2003), the grouper Cromileptes altivelis (Laining, et al, 2003), and the pirarucu Arapaima gigas (Cipriano, et al, 2016), had lower (84.1%, 82.4% and 89%, respectively) digestibility after using fish meal as one ingredient in the diet, than the octopus meal (90.9%) in this study, but have a greater digestibility of crude protein than the mutton snapper after fed with fish meal (64.90%).…”

Apparent digestibility of juveniles of matrinxã Brycon amazonicus fed diets with different protein levels

“…Physiologically, juveniles of matrinxã tend to exhibit high compensatory growth (Urbinati, Sarmiento, & Takahashi, 2014), leading to the conclusion that the ideal nutrient balance in the diets, mainly protein (Izel et al, 2004), can improve the use of all nutrients by the fish metabolism, expressing this in body development. As considered to other fish species, the determination of the diet digestibility coefficient for matrinxã is important to determine the ability of digestion and absorption of nutrients from the ingredients ingested by fish, besides providing information about the use of the main nutrients (Magalhães Júnior et al, 2016).…”