Apparent digestibility coefficients of animal feed ingredients for olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)

Abstract

Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dry matter, crude protein, crude lipid, nitrogen-free extract, energy and essential amino acids in animal-based feed ingredients were determined for olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). A reference diet (RF) was formulated to contain 1.0% chromic oxide (Cr 2 O 3 ) as an inert indicator. Nine test diets were formulated to contain RF and one of the feed ingredients (pollock meal [PM], jack mackerel meal [JMM], anchovy meal [AM], cod meal [CM], sardine meal [SM], sand eel meal [SEM], tuna meal [TM], meat meal [MM] and squid liver meal [SLM]) at a 7:3 ratio in each diet designated as PM, JMM, AM, CM, SM, SEM, TM, MM and SLM, respectively. Olive flounder, averaging 150 ± 8.0 g, were stocked at a density of 25 fish per tank in 400-L fiberglass tanks attached with fecal collection columns. Feces were collected from triplicate groups of fish one time a day for four weeks. Dry matter and crude protein ADCs of CM and SEM were significantly higher than the other tested ingredients. Lipid ADCs of JMM, CM and SEM were significantly higher than the other test ingredients. Energy ADCs of CM and SEM were significantly higher than that of the other tested ingredients. The availability of amino acids in CM was generally higher than the other animal protein sources. PM exhibited the lowest amino acid availability among the treatments. Interestingly, MM exhibited significantly higher nutrient digestibility than several marine-based ingredients. However, CM and SEM are seeming to be highly digestible and effective to use in olive flounder diet compared to the other tested ingredients. Overall, the results of this study provide information about the bioavailability of nutrients and energy in animal feedstuffs to apply when formulating cost-effective practical feeds for olive flounder.

Effects of Dietary Fish Meal Replacement with Alternative Protein Ingredients and Their Combinations on Growth Performance, Feed Utilization, Fillet Composition, and Biochemical Parameters of Red Seabream (Pagrus major)

“…MM also exhibited high-pepsin digestibility which was comparable to sardine FM and SPC ( Table 2 ). Rahman et al [ 15 ] reported that nutrient digestibility of MM (84% CP) was higher in olive flounder compared to different conventional FM. Therefore, nutrient digestibility of diets might be improved by MM in red seabream to observe higher growth performance and feed utilization.…”

“…Supportively, DFI of fish was not significantly different among treatments while FE was higher in fish-fed diets containing MM except for CMM. Animal protein sources contain a more balanced nutrient profile compared to plant protein sources [ 15 , 37 ]. Lu et al [ 38 ] observed that growth performance and FE of rainbow trout were increased by animal protein sources more efficiently than plant protein sources.…”

“…Meat meal (MM) is produced using byproducts discarded from meat processing plants and slaughterhouses. It contains a high level of protein as it is produced without bones [ 15 ]. Information about the usage of MM in fish diet is limited because meat byproducts were processed with bones to prepare meat and bone meals in many cases.…”

“…MM successfully replaced approximately 70% of FM from olive flounder ( Paralichthys olivaceus ) diet [ 18 ]. Nutrient digestibility of MM in olive founder was also reported as higher than several marine-based feed ingredients [ 15 ].…”

Nutrient and Energy Apparent Digestibility of Protein-Based Feed Ingredients and Effect of the Dietary Factors on Growth Performance and Feed Utilization of Sobaity Seabream, Sparidentex hasta

“…Many factors are known to influence the digestibility of a given dietary ingredient. Among those criteria are the type of ingredient and the degree of processing utilized to produce it, as well as the source and quality of the original raw material used [ 32 , 39 , 40 ].…”