Apparent consumption of refined sugar in Australia (1938–2011)

McNeill, Tom; Shrapnel, William

doi:10.1038/ejcn.2015.105

Cited by 7 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In part, this is explained by a decrease in per capita consumption of sugar sweetened beverages in Australia over time [ 57 ]. These results for sugar are consistent with other evidence that refined sugar consumption has generally decreased in Australia, the UK, the USA and Canada [ 58 , 59 , 60 ]. The average adult intake of added sugar in Australia (20.4 kg/person/year) was very similar to the average intake in the Netherlands (55.4 g/person/day or 20.2 kg/person/year; [ 61 ]).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Changes in Food Intake in Australia: Comparing the 1995 and 2011 National Nutrition Survey Results Disaggregated into Basic Foods

Ridoutt

Baird

Bastiaans

et al. 2016

Foods

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As nations seek to address obesity and diet-related chronic disease, understanding shifts in food intake over time is an imperative. However, quantifying intake of basic foods is not straightforward because of the diversity of raw and cooked wholefoods, processed foods and mixed dishes actually consumed. In this study, data from the Australian national nutrition surveys of 1995 and 2011, each involving more than 12,000 individuals and covering more than 4500 separate foods, were coherently disaggregated into basic foods, with cooking and processing factors applied where necessary. Although Australians are generally not eating in a manner consistent with national dietary guidelines, there have been several positive changes. Australians are eating more whole fruit, a greater diversity of vegetables, more beans, peas and pulses, less refined sugar, and they have increased their preference for brown and wholegrain cereals. Adult Australians have also increased their intake of nuts and seeds. Fruit juice consumption markedly declined, especially for younger Australians. Cocoa consumption increased and shifts in dairy product intake were mixed, reflecting one of several important differences between age and gender cohorts. This study sets the context for more detailed research at the level of specific foods to understand individual and household differences.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Changes in Food Intake in Australia: Comparing the 1995 and 2011 National Nutrition Survey Results Disaggregated into Basic Foods

Ridoutt

Baird

Bastiaans

et al. 2016

Foods

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“…Although our group has published more recent data on Australian children and adolescents based on a national survey conducted in 2007 (14) , the food supply and dietary patterns of the Australian population may have substantially changed in the past 10-20 years. Furthermore, Australian apparent consumption data (15) suggest that there has been a declining trend in added sugar intake over the past 40 years. This trend was similar to that observed in other developed countries (16)(17)(18)(19) .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary intake and food sources of added sugar in the Australian population

et al. 2016

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Previous studies in Australian children/adolescents and adults examining added sugar (AS) intake were based on now out-of-date national surveys. We aimed to examine the AS and free sugar (FS) intakes and the main food sources of AS among Australians, using plausible dietary data collected by a multiple-pass, 24-h recall, from the 2011-12 Australian Health Survey respondents (n 8202). AS and FS intakes were estimated using a previously published method, and as defined by the WHO, respectively. Food groups contributing to the AS intake were described and compared by age group and sex by one-way ANOVA. Linear regression was used to test for trends across age groups. Usual intake of FS (as percentage energy (%EFS)) was computed using a published method and compared with the WHO cut-off of <10 %EFS. The mean AS intake of the participants was 60·3 (SD 52·6) g/d. Sugar-sweetened beverages accounted for the greatest proportion of the AS intake of the Australian population (21·4 (SD 30·1) %), followed by sugar and sweet spreads (16·3 (SD 24·5) %) and cakes, biscuits, pastries and batterbased products (15·7 (SD 24·4) %). More than half of the study population exceeded the WHO's cut-off for FS, especially children and adolescents. Overall, 80-90 % of the daily AS intake came from high-sugar energy-dense and/or nutrient-poor foods. To conclude, the majority of Australian adults and children exceed the WHO recommendation for FS intake. Efforts to reduce AS intake should focus on energy-dense and/or nutrient-poor foods.

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“…In terms of food sources, sugar products and dishes (sugar, syrup, honey and jam) remained the major source of AS intake in this older cohort across all time points. In Australia, data from apparent sugar consumption, which provide an indication of primary sugar production and export (36) , have shown a decrease between 1992 and 2009 (37) . According to national survey data in 1995 (NNS 1995) and 2011-12 (NNPAS 2011-12), the EAS% intake of Australians was reported to be 11.2% (8) and 10.8%, respectively (11) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In Australia, data from apparent sugar consumption, which provide an indication of primary sugar production and export , have shown a decrease between 1992 and 2009 . According to national survey data in 1995 (NNS 1995) and 2011–12 (NNPAS 2011–12), the EAS% intake of Australians was reported to be 11.2% and 10.8%, respectively .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in added sugar intake and food sources in a cohort of older Australians: 15 years of follow‐up from the Blue Mountains Eye Study

Moshtaghian

Louie

Charlton

et al. 2016

J Human Nutrition Diet

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Apparent consumption of refined sugar in Australia (1938–2011)

Abstract: The limited variability of the extended apparent consumption series and its consistency with recent national dietary survey data and sugar-sweetened beverage sales data indicate that it is a reliable data set that reflects declining intake of refined sugars in Australia.

Cited by 7 publications

References 16 publications

Changes in Food Intake in Australia: Comparing the 1995 and 2011 National Nutrition Survey Results Disaggregated into Basic Foods

Changes in Food Intake in Australia: Comparing the 1995 and 2011 National Nutrition Survey Results Disaggregated into Basic Foods

Dietary intake and food sources of added sugar in the Australian population

Trends in added sugar intake and food sources in a cohort of older Australians: 15 years of follow‐up from the Blue Mountains Eye Study

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