Apparent component digestibility and manure ammonia emission in finishing pigs fed diets based on barley, maize or wheat prepared without or with exogenous non-starch polysaccharide enzymes

Leek, A. B. G.; Callan, J.J.; Reilly, P.; Beattie, V.E.; O’Doherty, John V.

doi:10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2006.03.024

Cited by 29 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The addition of an enzyme to the barley-based diet increased ammonia emissions by 31% while the addition of the enzyme to the wheat-based diet decreased ammonia by 19%. Similar results were reported by O'Connell et al (2005) and Leek et al (2007) using in vitro ammonia emission studies.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

The effect of cereal type and enzyme addition on pig performance, intestinal microflora, and ammonia and odour emissions

Garry

Fogarty

Curran

et al. 2007

Animal

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Two 2 £ 2 factorial experiments were conducted to investigate the interaction between cereal type (wheat v. barley) and exogenous enzyme supplementation (with or without) on odour and ammonia emissions (experiment 1) and growth performance (experiment 2) in grower-finisher pigs. The enzyme supplement used contained endo-1, 3 (4) -b-glucanase (EC 3.2.1.6) and endo-1, 4 -b-xylanase (E.C 3.2.1.8). The diets were formulated to contain similar levels of net energy (9.8 MJ/kg) and lysine (10.0 g/kg). The experimental treatments were as follows: (1) wheat-based diet, (2) wheat-based diet containing a b-glucanase and b-xylanase mixed enzyme supplement, (3) barley-based diet and (4) barley-based diet containing a b-glucanase and bxylanase mixed enzyme supplement. In experiment 1, the diets were offered to the pigs for 23 days in sealed pens (eight pigs per pen) and this was repeated four times (n ¼ 4). Odour and ammonia emissions were measured on days 9, 11, 14, 16, 21 and 23 of each replicate period. Odour samples were collected in 20-l Nalophan bags and analysed for odour concentration using an ECOMA Yes/No Olfactometer. Ammonia concentrations in the ventilation air were measured using Drä ger tubes. In experiment 2, 220 pigs were group fed in mixed sex pens using single-space feeders (11 pigs per feeder, six boars and five gilts) (n ¼ 5). There was a cereal £ enzyme interaction in odour emission rates, ammonia emissions and selected microbial populations in the caecum and colon (P , 0.05). The addition of an enzyme supplement to the barley-based diet increased both odour and ammonia emission, however the addition of an enzyme to the wheat-based diet decreased ammonia emission rates and had no effect on odour emission. Pigs offered the unsupplemented barley-based diet had a significantly (P , 0.05) lower population of Enterobacteriaceae spp. and a higher population of Bifidobacteria spp. compared with enzyme-supplemented barley diets. However, there was no effect of enzyme supplementation in wheat-based diets. In the performance experiment, neither cereal type nor enzyme inclusion had an effect on pig performance or carcass characteristics. In conclusion, the inclusion of an enzyme mix to barley-based diets increased odour and ammonia emissions, while the addition of an enzyme mix to wheat-based diets decreased ammonia emissions.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

The effect of cereal type and enzyme addition on pig performance, intestinal microflora, and ammonia and odour emissions

Garry

Fogarty

Curran

et al. 2007

Animal

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“…Some researchers argued (e.g., Kerr et al, 2006;O'Shea et al, 2011a) that it may be feasible that effects on NH 3 emission may be attributable to a range of fermentable carbohydrates and not specifically to β-glucan. However, β-glucanase supplementation negated the effect of β-glucan on NH 3 emission (Leek et al, 2007); hence, a role for β-glucan in ameliorating emission of NH 3 from manure may be assumed (O'Shea et al, 2011a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cereal β-glucan alters nutrient digestibility and microbial activity in the intestinal tract of pigs, and lower manure ammonia emission: A meta-analysis

Metzler‐Zebeli

Zebeli

2013

Journal of Animal Science

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Cereal β-glucan may be detrimental in pig production because of negative effects on nutrient digestibility, but they may act as functional ingredients by stimulating the intestinal microbiota. This study primarily aimed to investigate relations between dietary β-glucan and nutrient digestibility, intestinal fermentation, and manure NH3 emission in weaned, growing, and finishing pigs. Effects of dietary xylose, NDF, and CP, and pig BW on animal responses were also evaluated. A meta-analytical approach, accounting for inter- and intraexperiment variations, was used to compute prediction models. Data from 26 studies including 107 different dietary treatments with appropriate dietary and physiological measurements were used to parameterize these models. Dietary β-glucan inclusion ranged from 0 to 6.7%. Increasing dietary β-glucan reduced apparent ileal (AID) and total tract digestibility (ATTD) of CP and energy (R(2) = 0.12 to 0.29; P < 0.05), whereas the ATTD of DM was reduced by 10% up to a threshold β-glucan of 3.5%, above which the response became asymptotic (R(2) = 0.34; P < 0.01). Increasing dietary NDF content decreased ATTD of DM and energy, and increasing xylose concentration reduced ATTD of energy and CP (R(2) = 0.24 to 0.85; P < 0.05). Broken-line model indicated that cecal total VFA and butyrate concentrations increased up to a threshold of 2.5 and 1.4% β-glucan in the diet, respectively, above which these responses became asymptotic (R(2) = 0.77 to 0.96; P < 0.05). Ileal butyrate was negatively and colonic iso-butyrate was positively linked to increasing β-glucan concentration (R(2) = 0.17 to 0.41; P < 0.05). Greater β-glucan concentration were negatively related (R(2) = 0.86; P < 0.01) to NH3 emission, indicating a reduction in NH3 emission by one-half with 6% β-glucan. Backward elimination analysis indicated that greater BW of pigs counteracted (P < 0.05) the negative effect of β-glucan on AID of CP and energy and ATTD of DM and CP. Pig BW also enhanced effects of β-glucan on cecal total VFA, colonic iso-butyrate, ileal butyrate, and NH3 emission (P < 0.05). Dietary CP potentiated (P < 0.01) the β-glucan effects on cecal total VFA, cecal butyrate, and colonic iso-butyrate. In conclusion, this study indicates that β-glucan can stimulate cecal butyrate and ameliorate manure NH3 emission, thereby decreasing nutrient digestibility. Because greater BW ameliorates β-glucan effects, finishing diets may be formulated to contain more β-glucan than weaner diets.

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“…The usage of xylanase in corn‐soybean meal based pig diet linearly enhanced apparent ileal digestibility (Li et al ; Passos et al ). However, pigs receiving enzyme supplementation diets do not always show the consistent improvement in growth performance and nutrient digestibility (Barrera et al ; Leek et al ; Olukosi et al ). Recently, studies have focused on the effect of enzyme supplementation to weaning pigs' diet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of xylanase supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood parameters, fecal microbiota, fecal score and fecal noxious gas emission of weaning pigs fed corn‐soybean meal‐based diet

Lan

Kim

2017

Animal Science Journal

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This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of xylanase supplementation on nutrient digestibility, growth performance, blood parameters, fecal microflora shedding, fecal score and fecal noxious gas emission of weaning pigs fed corn-soybean meal based diet. A total of 150 weaning pigs with an average initial body weight (BW) of 7.85 ± 0.93 kg were randomly allocated to three treatments based on BW and sex (10 replicate pens with five pigs, two gilts and three barrows) were used in this 42-day trial. Dietary treatments were: (1) CON, basal diet; (2) X1, basal diet +0.005% xylanase; (2) X2, basal diet +0.01% xylanase. The xylanase supplementation linearly increased (P < 0.05) average daily gain (ADG), and gain : feed ratio (G:F) from days 29 to 42 and the in overall period, dry matter, nitrogen and energy digestibility, and fecal Lactobacilli counts, and linearly decreased (P < 0.05) blood urea nitrogen (BUN) concentration, fecal NH and H S emission. Additionally, at weeks 5 and 6, there was a linear decrease in fecal score with xylanase supplementation. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of xylanase improved growth performance, nutrient digestibility, shifted microbiota by increasing fecal Lactobacillus counts, decreased BUN concentration, fecal score, and fecal NH and H S emission in weaning pigs.

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Apparent component digestibility and manure ammonia emission in finishing pigs fed diets based on barley, maize or wheat prepared without or with exogenous non-starch polysaccharide enzymes

Cited by 29 publications

References 26 publications

The effect of cereal type and enzyme addition on pig performance, intestinal microflora, and ammonia and odour emissions

The effect of cereal type and enzyme addition on pig performance, intestinal microflora, and ammonia and odour emissions

Cereal β-glucan alters nutrient digestibility and microbial activity in the intestinal tract of pigs, and lower manure ammonia emission: A meta-analysis

Effects of xylanase supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood parameters, fecal microbiota, fecal score and fecal noxious gas emission of weaning pigs fed corn‐soybean meal‐based diet

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