Apparatus for Monitoring the Mineralization of Volatile
            <sup>14</sup>
            C-Labeled Compounds

Marinucci, Andrew C.; Bartha, Richárd

doi:10.1128/aem.38.5.1020-1022.1979

Cited by 63 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The experiment used 27 soil incubation flasks (three treatments run in triplicate for each of three soils). The test system was modified from that described by Marinucci and Bartha [3]. The soils were incubated in the dark at 22 Ϯ 3ЊC, except when the traps were to be changed and during soil moisture adjustment.…”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerobic Biodegradation of (14c)-Sarafloxacin Hydrochloride in Soil

Marengo¹,

Kok²,

O’Brien³

et al. 1997

Environ Toxicol Chem

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Abstract-The aerobic biodegradation of sarafloxacin hydrochloride, a fluoroquinolone antibiotic registered for use against poultry diseases, was tested in three soils: loam, silt loam, and sandy loam. Sarafloxacin treatment demonstrated mineralization to 14 CO 2 amounting to 0.58%, 0.49%, and 0.57% in loam, silt loam, and sandy loam soils, respectively, at the termination of the test. The extractability of sarafloxacin from soil in acetonitrile and water (ACN:H 2 O, 1:1, v/v) was less than 1% of the applied radioactivity. This was followed by extraction with pipemidic acid (a quinolone with structural similarity to sarafloxacin) and KOH (PIP:KOH), which resulted in ϳ25% extractability in loam, ϳ73% in silt loam, and ϳ80% in sandy loam soils, with extractability increasing with decreasing organic matter content (5.8%, 2.5%, and 1.3%, respectively, for the three soils). The high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis of ACN:H 2 O extractable radioactivity showed several components, all of which were less than 1% of the applied radioactivity. Hence, no attempt was made to characterize these components. The HPLC analysis of PIP:KOH extracts demonstrated two major components, one with a retention time of ϳ4 to 5 min (designated polar component), the other component, sarafloxacin, with a retention time of ϳ35 min. The components present in ACN:H 2 O or PIP:KOH extracts were not significantly different at day zero or at termination, prompting experiments that resulted in the following observations. Sarafloxacin standard exposed to extraction solvents (PIP:KOH and ACN:H 2 O) showed no degradation, suggesting stability of the test article in extraction solvents. Component profiles in sterile soils were similar to those in nonsterile soils, suggesting that the formation of the polar degradate component of sarafloxacin is an abiotic phenomenon. Experiments conducted with sand spiked with sarafloxacin showed very little or no transformation, suggesting that the degradation is a soil-related phenomenon. The polar component was converted to sarafloxacin when the extracts were subjected to acid hydrolysis.

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Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aerobic Biodegradation of (14c)-Sarafloxacin Hydrochloride in Soil

Marengo¹,

Kok²,

O’Brien³

et al. 1997

Environ Toxicol Chem

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“…Mineralization. Evolution of I4CO2 was quantified using a modified method of Marinucci and Bartha [32] and Thomas et al [ 111. First, microcosms were acidified with several drops of concentrated H2SO4, then the contents were purged with C02-free air for 15 min.…”

Section: Chemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of surfactant addition on phenanthrene biodegradation in sediments

Tsomides

Hughes

Thomas

et al. 1995

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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A laboratory study was conducted to determine whether commercial surfactants enhance the bioremediation of PAH‐contaminated sediments. Phenanthrene was chosen as a representative PAH; an inoculum of PAH‐degrading microorganisms, enriched from an aquatic sediment, was used in sediment‐water slurry microcosm biodegradation experiments. Of seven nonionic surfactants tested, only one (Triton X‐100) did not inhibit phenanthrene mineralization at concentrations above the critical micelle concentration (CMC). Temporal studies on Triton X‐100 revealed that while it initially inhibited mineralization in sediment‐free microcosms, after 1 week Triton X‐100 slightly improved phenanthrene biotransformation and mineralization in microcosms with and without sediment. For all treatments, phenanthrene disappearance was complete after 9 d, and mineralization reached 50 to 65% after 12 d. Sorption to the sediment appears to have reduced the free aqueous surfactant concentration, thereby reducing surfactant toxicity to the microorganisms. These results suggest that many surfactants are toxic to PAH‐degrading microorganisms, and while surfactant addition may not always have adverse effects on biodegradation, the use of surfactants might not be desirable to achieve complete contaminant removal.

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“…Sub-samples of soil (10 g) were placed into modified 250 ml Fernbach flasks (Marinucci and Bartha 1979). I4C-ULglucose was added (50 mg per 10 g soil sample) as an aqueous solution of 0.5 ml.…”

Section: Determination Of Correct Level Of Glucose For the Soil Ty Pementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The water content of the soil was adjusted to 60% of holding capacity by the addition of a fertilizer solution containing an equivalent of 0-5 mg g-' soil of both NH4Cl and Na2HP04. Samples were maintained at 21°C for 36 h. The radiolabelled COz was trapped in an apparatus based on that of Marinucci and Bartha (1979) but the glass scintillation vials used as traps were replaced with Bijou bottles. Each bottle contained 2.5 ml of Carbosorb E (Packard, UK) to trap I4CO, which was released when the sample flask was flushed with approximately 700 ml of air over a period of 10 min.…”

Section: Determination Of Correct Level Of Glucose For the Soil Ty Pementioning

confidence: 99%

Assay of bacterial and fungal activity in diesel contaminated soil using a¹⁴C-glucose utilization method

Harrison

Betts

1996

Lett Appl Microbiol

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Changes in the relative metabolism of soil bacteria and fungi following contamination with diesel were assessed using a modified substrate‐induced respiration (SIR) method including selective antibiotic inhibition. 14CO2 release from radiolabelled glucose was used as an indication of population activity. In a Sandy Gley Soil with no history of contamination, the population activity shifted from 38 ± 4% (bacterial): 62 ± 4% (fungal) to 73 ± 4% (bacterial): 27 ± 4% (fungal) after treatment with diesel.

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Apparatus for Monitoring the Mineralization of Volatile ¹⁴ C-Labeled Compounds

Cited by 63 publications

References 5 publications

Aerobic Biodegradation of (14c)-Sarafloxacin Hydrochloride in Soil

Aerobic Biodegradation of (14c)-Sarafloxacin Hydrochloride in Soil

Effect of surfactant addition on phenanthrene biodegradation in sediments

Assay of bacterial and fungal activity in diesel contaminated soil using a¹⁴C-glucose utilization method

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Apparatus for Monitoring the Mineralization of Volatile 14 C-Labeled Compounds

Cited by 63 publications

References 5 publications

Aerobic Biodegradation of (14c)-Sarafloxacin Hydrochloride in Soil

Aerobic Biodegradation of (14c)-Sarafloxacin Hydrochloride in Soil

Effect of surfactant addition on phenanthrene biodegradation in sediments

Assay of bacterial and fungal activity in diesel contaminated soil using a14C-glucose utilization method

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Apparatus for Monitoring the Mineralization of Volatile ¹⁴ C-Labeled Compounds

Assay of bacterial and fungal activity in diesel contaminated soil using a¹⁴C-glucose utilization method