“…APOS theory has been widely used in analyzing the formation of mathematical concepts at universities (Asiala, Brown, DeVries, Dubinsky, Mathews, & Thomas, 1997;Weller, Arnon, & Dubinsky, 2011;Maharaj, 2010;Syamsuri, Purwanto, Subanji, & Irawati, 2017;Syamsuri & Marethi, 2018) as well as in mathematics learning (Salgado & Trigueros, 2015;Garcia-Martinez & Parraguez, 2017). In concept construction, this theory describes the paths that students go through in constructing a mathematical concept.…”