Apoptotic volume decrease and the incredible shrinking cell

Bortner, Carl D.; Cidlowski, John A.

doi:10.1038/sj.cdd.4401126

Cited by 215 publications

(167 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Apoptosis is defined by morphological features, with nuclear condensation [37] and cell shrinking [4] being mentioned in particular. However, characterization of the molecular events makes a more valuable contribution to the understanding of this kind of programmed cell death.…”

Section: S Notebaert Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After centrifugation (300 g, 15 min), plasma and the buffy coat were removed. Red blood cells were lysed during incubation with an ice-cold isotonic NH 4 Cl solution (138 mM NH 4 Cl and NF-κB inhibition and apoptosis 231 21 mM Tris, pH 7.4) for 10 min. The remaining cell suspension was washed twice with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) (200 g, 10 min).…”

Section: Isolation and Culture Of Bovine Blood Neutrophilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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NF-?B inhibition accelerates apoptosis of bovine neutrophils

2005

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-Apoptosis is one of the major events that contribute to the regulation of the immune system. For human neutrophils, evidence has been produced that the transcription factor NF-κB is critical in influencing the ultimate outcome of a cell's fate. However, such research has not yet been performed on bovine neutrophils. This urged us to examine the possible involvement of NF-κB in apoptosis of these cells. At first, we investigated whether p65 and p50, the most important members of the NF-κB family, are expressed in isolated blood neutrophils. The presence of both members was demonstrated on the RNA and protein level. Then the effect on bovine neutrophil apoptosis of gliotoxin, a potent and specific inhibitor of NF-κB, was examined. The rate of constitutive apoptosis was found to be greatly accelerated by inhibition of NF-κB. Furthermore, gliotoxin dramatically augmented the limited pro-apoptotic effect of TNF-α, an important inflammatory mediator. The results were obtained in six cows by annexin-V-FITC staining of externalized phosphatidylserine and subsequent flow cytometric analysis. Additional measurement of caspase-3/7 activity and evaluation of morphological criteria confirmed the outcome of this experiment. Finally, NF-κB activity was assessed under these conditions. The activity of p50 was found to be minimally affected by gliotoxin, while significantly lower active p65 values were observed. Still, the highest percentage of apoptosis, which was caused by incubation with both gliotoxin and TNF-α, did not correspond to the lowest activity of p65. We conclude that NF-κB p65 promotes the survival of bovine neutrophils by delaying the initiation of apoptosis.bovine neutrophil / NF-κB / apoptosis

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Section: S Notebaert Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Isolation and Culture Of Bovine Blood Neutrophilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

NF-?B inhibition accelerates apoptosis of bovine neutrophils

2005

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“…This reinforces the important role of AVD in apoptosis. [10][11][12] Experimental prevention of AVD inhibits the execution of apoptosis and even cell death in most cell types. [10][11][12] However, it is still unclear whether AVD is per se a primary activator of the apoptotic machinery, or is another consequence of the electrolytic imbalance occurring early in the apoptotic process.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[10][11][12] Experimental prevention of AVD inhibits the execution of apoptosis and even cell death in most cell types. [10][11][12] However, it is still unclear whether AVD is per se a primary activator of the apoptotic machinery, or is another consequence of the electrolytic imbalance occurring early in the apoptotic process. [13][14][15][16] Independently of whether AVD is a cause or a consequence, this article intends to show that AVD provides a solution for a geometrical requirement of cell dismantling into apoptotic bodies.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Apoptotic volume decrease as a geometric determinant for cell dismantling into apoptotic bodies

et al. 2010

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Apoptosis is a mode of cell death through which cells are dismantled and cell remains are packed into small, membrane-bound, sealed vesicles called apoptotic bodies, which are easy to erase by phagocytosis by neighbouring and immune system cells. The end point of the process is to cleanly eliminate damaged or unnecessary cells without disrupting the surrounding tissue or eliciting an inflammatory response. The apoptotic process involves a series of specific events including deoxyribonucleic acid and nuclear fragmentation, protease-driven cleavage of specific substrates, which inhibits key survival functions and reorganizes the cell's structure, externalization of molecules involved in phagocytosis, membrane blebbing and cell shrinkage. Apoptotic volume decrease (AVD) leading to cell shrinkage is a core event in the course of apoptosis, the biological meaning of which has not been clearly ascertained. In this article we argue that volume loss is a geometrical requisite for cell dismantling into apoptotic bodies. This is derived from the cell's volume-to-surface ratio. Indeed, package of the original cell volume into smaller membrane-sealed vesicles requires that either cell membrane surface increase or cell volume decrease. In this sense, AVD provides a reservoir of membrane surface for apoptotic body formation. The strategic situation of AVD in the time course of apoptosis is also discussed in the context of apoptotic body formation.

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“…Finally, a cell can die -because of poor metabolism, or because of other external conditions, like irradiation -and a cell cluster then feels an additional pull, as the volume of dead cells gradually shrinks 31 according to the equation…”

Section: Biomechanicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bridging the gap between the micro- and the macro-world of tumors

Chignola

Milotti

2012

AIP Advances

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At present it is still quite difficult to match the vast knowledge on the behavior of individual tumor cells with macroscopic measurements on clinical tumors. On the modeling side, we already know how to deal with many molecular pathways and cellular events, using systems of differential equations and other modeling tools, and ideally, we should be able to extend such a mathematical description up to the level of large tumor masses. An extended model should thus help us forecast the behavior of large tumors from our basic knowledge of microscopic processes. Unfortunately, the complexity of these processes makes it very difficult – probably impossible – to develop comprehensive analytical models. We try to bridge the gap with a simulation program which is based on basic biochemical and biophysical processes – thereby building an effective computational model – and in this paper we describe its structure, endeavoring to make the description sufficiently detailed and yet understandable

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Apoptotic volume decrease and the incredible shrinking cell

Cited by 215 publications

References 25 publications

NF-?B inhibition accelerates apoptosis of bovine neutrophils

NF-?B inhibition accelerates apoptosis of bovine neutrophils

Apoptotic volume decrease as a geometric determinant for cell dismantling into apoptotic bodies

Bridging the gap between the micro- and the macro-world of tumors

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