Apoptotic responses of Carassius auratus lymphocytes to nodularin exposure in vitro

Neurotoxic Anatoxin-a Can Also Exert Immunotoxicity by the Induction of Apoptosis on Carassius auratus Lymphocytes in vitro When Exposed to Environmentally Relevant Concentrations

“…To illustrate the types of lymphocytes apoptosis, the changes in intracellular DNA and organelles were analyzed. As shown in Figures 1, 2, marked DNA fragmentation, condensed cytoplasm, and swollen mitochondria were observed in the highest concentration group (10 mg/L), which was similar to our previous research (Zhang et al, 2012). DNA fragmentation is a great description of biochemical changes in apoptosis (Wyllie, 1980).…”

“…As the main antioxidant enzymes in the first line of defense of the antioxidant system, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), etc., can effectively scavenge excess oxygen free radicals in immune cells. Our previous study found that nodularin induced the apoptosis of C. auratus lymphocytes by oxidative stress and the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway (Zhang et al, 2012). In particular, it is necessary to study the response of the immune system of vertebrates to ANTX-a, especially in aquatic organisms.…”

Dietary supplementation with taurine improves ability to resist ammonia stress in hybrid snakehead (Channa maculatus♀ × Channa argus♂)

“…However, under environmental stress, the balance between the production of ROS and antioxidant defence is disturbed (Cheng et al, ; Xing & Zhang, ). Previous studies have found upregulation of ROS production in fish cells after treatment with chemical environmental contaminants (Cheng et al, ; Cui et al, ; Zhang et al, ). Likewise, in the present study, after ammonia stress, blood ROS production of all the groups increased significantly compared to before ammonia stress, indicating that ammonia exposure induced oxidative stress.…”

Protective properties of sesamin against fluoride-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in kidney of carp (Cyprinus carpio) via JNK signaling pathway

“…JNK combined with ROS can promote apoptosis by stimulating the activities of pro-apoptotic proteins (such as Bax, Bak, Bok, Bid, Bim, Bik, Bad, Bmf, Hrk, Noxa, Puma, Blk) and inhibiting the activities of anti-apoptotic proteins (such as Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, Bcl-w, A1, Mcl-1) (Tien et al, 2011;Sinha et al, 2013). Moreover, overproduction of ROS induced by fluoride can promote apoptotic process which can influence the permeability and inhibit the respiratory chain (Valko et al, 2006;Zhang et al, 2012). A great deal of researches found that apoptosis in fish cells occurred after exposed to chemical environmental contaminants by modulating Bax/Bcl-2 and blocking the downstream of mitochondrial apoptosis pathway (Zhang et al, 2012;Selvaraj et al, 2013).…”

“…Moreover, overproduction of ROS induced by fluoride can promote apoptotic process which can influence the permeability and inhibit the respiratory chain (Valko et al, 2006;Zhang et al, 2012). A great deal of researches found that apoptosis in fish cells occurred after exposed to chemical environmental contaminants by modulating Bax/Bcl-2 and blocking the downstream of mitochondrial apoptosis pathway (Zhang et al, 2012;Selvaraj et al, 2013). The apoptosis induced by 5-40 mM NaF was related with the downregulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 or upregulation and dephosphorylation of Bad protein (Lee et al, 2008;Otsuk et al, 2011).…”