Apoptotic and necrotic changes in the midgut glands of the wolf spider Xerolycosa nemoralis (Lycosidae) in response to starvation and dimethoate exposure

Wilczek, Grażyna; Rost‐Roszkowska, Magdalena; Wilczek, Piotr; Babczyńska, Agnieszka; Szulińska, Elżbieta; Sonakowska, L.; Marek-Swedziol, M.

doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2013.09.034

Cited by 38 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Bar=1.6 μm natural processes in tissues and organs. However, apoptosis can also be caused by external factors such as pathogens and environmental toxins (Elmore 2007;Parthasarathy and Palli 2007;Park and Takeda 2008;Park et al 2009;RostRoszkowska et al 2010RostRoszkowska et al , 2015bWilczek et al 2014). In the digestive cells of L. forficatus, apoptosis affected only the cells that were infected with the rickettsia-like microorganisms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…TEM. Bar= 1.1 μm with the midgut lumen, are exposed to multiple stressors (Vaidyanathan and Scott 2006;Baton and RanfordCartwright 2007;Franzetti et al 2012;Wilczek et al 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are many factors and conditions that can trigger apoptosis (e.g., irradiation, heavy metals, toxic substances, pathogens) (Norbury and Hickson 2001;Elmore 2007;Maghsoudi et al 2012;Teixeira et al 2013;Wilczek et al 2014). Despite the fact that apoptosis is a type of cell death, no inflammatory reaction occurs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Apoptosis and necrosis during the circadian cycle in the centipede midgut

et al. 2015

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Three types of cells have been distinguished in the midgut epithelium of two centipedes, Lithobius forficatus and Scolopendra cingulata: digestive, secretory, and regenerative cells. According to the results of our previous studies, we decided to analyze the relationship between apoptosis and necrosis in their midgut epithelium and circadian rhythms. Ultrastructural analysis showed that these processes proceed in a continuous manner that is independent of the circadian rhythm in L. forficatus, while in S. cingulata necrosis is activated at midnight. Additionally, the description of apoptosis and necrosis showed no differences between males and females of both species analyzed. At the beginning of apoptosis, the cell cytoplasm becomes electron-dense, apparently in response to shrinkage of the cell. Organelles such as the mitochondria, cisterns of endoplasmic reticulum transform and degenerate. Nuclei gradually assume lobular shapes before the apoptotic cell is discharged into the midgut lumen. During necrosis, however, the cytoplasm of the cell becomes electron-lucent, and the number of organelles decreases. While the digestive cells of about 10 % of L. forficatus contain rickettsia-like pathogens, the corresponding cells in S. cingulata are free of rickettsia. As a result, we can state that apoptosis in L. forficatus is presumably responsible for protecting the organism against infections, while in S. cingulata apoptosis is not associated with the elimination of pathogens. Necrosis is attributed to mechanical damage, and the activation of this process coincides with proliferation of the midgut regenerative cells at midnight in S. cingulata.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…TEM. Bar= 1.1 μm with the midgut lumen, are exposed to multiple stressors (Vaidyanathan and Scott 2006;Baton and RanfordCartwright 2007;Franzetti et al 2012;Wilczek et al 2014).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Apoptosis and necrosis during the circadian cycle in the centipede midgut

et al. 2015

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“…Cell death can be activated by many stressors that originate from the external environment and this process participates in the elimination of damaged or unwanted cells from an animal’s body (Teixeira et al 2013; Wilczek et al 2014; Lipovšek and Novak 2015). Therefore, it is responsible for, e.g., controlling the number of cells in the organs and protecting the organs against inflammation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The midgut lumen is the place where stressors that originate from the external environment can enter an organism, and the cells that form its epithelium protect the entire organism. Therefore, only cells that reach the midgut lumen can be affected by a stressor (Wilczek et al 2014; Włodarczyk et al 2017). In all of the tardigrades examined here, autophagy and necrosis were only detected in the digestive cells of the midgut epithelium, while they were not observed in the cytoplasm of the regenerative cells as has been described for other invertebrates (Tettamanti et al 2007; Rost-Roszkowska et al 2015, 2016).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of autophagy in the midgut epithelium of Parachela (Tardigrada)

2018

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The process of cell death has been detected in the midgut epithelium of four tardigrade species which belong to Parachela: Macrobiotus diversus, Macrobiotus polonicus, Hypsibius dujardini and Xerobiotus pseudohufelandi. They originated from different environments so they have been affected by different stressors: M. polonicus was extracted from a moss sample collected from a railway embankment; M. diversus was extracted from a moss sample collected from a petrol station; X. pseudohufelandi originated from sandy and dry soil samples collected from a pine forest; H. dujardini was obtained commercially but it lives in a freshwater or even in wet terrestrial environment. Autophagy is caused in the digestive cells of the midgut epithelium by different factors. However, a distinct crosstalk between autophagy and necrosis in tardigrades’ digestive system has been described at the ultrastructural level. Apoptosis has not been detected in the midgut epithelium of analyzed species. We also determined that necrosis is the major process that is responsible for the degeneration of the midgut epithelium of tardigrades, and “apoptosis–necrosis continuum” which is the relationship between these two processes, is disrupted.

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Postembryonic development and differentiation of the midgut in the freshwater shrimp Neocaridina davidi (Crustacea, Malacostraca, Decapoda) larvae

Sonakowska‐Czajka

Śróbka

Ostróżka

et al. 2020

Journal of Morphology

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Neocaridina davidi is a freshwater shrimp that originates from Taiwan and is commonly bred all over the word. Like all decapods, which develop indirectly, this species has pelagic larvae that may differ entirely in their morphology and habits from adult specimens. To fill a gap of knowledge about the developmental biology of freshwater shrimps we decided to document the 3D-localization of the midgut inside the body cavity of larval stages of N. davidi using X-ray microtomography, and to describe all structural and ultrastructural changes of the midgut epithelium (intestine and hepatopancreas) which occur during postembryonic development of N. davidi using light and transmission electron microscopy. We laid emphasis on stem cell functioning and cell death processes connected with differentiation. Our study revealed that while the intestine in both larval stages of N. davidi has the form of a fully developed organ, which resembles that of adult specimens, the hepatopancreas undergoes elongation and differentiation. E-cells, which are midgut stem cells, due to their proliferation and differentiation are responsible for the above-mentioned processes. Our study revealed that apoptosis is a common process in both larval stages of N. davidi in the intestine and proximal region of the hepatopancreas. In zoea III, autophagy as a survival factor is activated in order to protect cells against their death. However, when there are too many autophagic structures in epithelial cells, necrosis as passive cell death is activated. The presence of all types of cell death in the midgut in the zoea III stage confirms that this part of the digestive tract is fully developed and functional. Here, we present the first description of apoptosis, autophagy and necrosis in the digestive system of larval stages of Malacostraca and present the first description of their hepatopancreas elongation and differentiation due to midgut stem cell functioning.

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Apoptotic and necrotic changes in the midgut glands of the wolf spider Xerolycosa nemoralis (Lycosidae) in response to starvation and dimethoate exposure

Cited by 38 publications

References 57 publications

Apoptosis and necrosis during the circadian cycle in the centipede midgut

Apoptosis and necrosis during the circadian cycle in the centipede midgut

The role of autophagy in the midgut epithelium of Parachela (Tardigrada)

Postembryonic development and differentiation of the midgut in the freshwater shrimp Neocaridina davidi (Crustacea, Malacostraca, Decapoda) larvae

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