2012
DOI: 10.4172/2155-9899.s3-006
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Apoptosis Resistance in Rheumatoid Arthritis Synovial Tissue

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Cited by 11 publications
(20 citation statements)
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“…As previously reported [99,100], XIAP was localized to both the cytoplasm and nucleus, but XIAP and another anti-apoptosis protein, survivin, were highly expressed in the cytoplasm of cells in active RA synovial tissue [101]. Second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase/direct inhibitor of apoptosis-binding protein with low pI (Smac/DIABLO) [38] mediated inhibition of XIAP activity may favor induction of apoptosis over cell survival under these conditions [31,38]. In addition, XIAP and other IAP proteins can directly inhibit caspase-3 and caspase-7 activity [102] as well as modulate the Bax/cytochrome C apoptosis pathway via XIAP-mediated inhibition of caspase-9 [103].…”
Section: Sapk/mapk Activation: Effects On Inhibitor Of Apoptosis Protmentioning
confidence: 77%
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“…As previously reported [99,100], XIAP was localized to both the cytoplasm and nucleus, but XIAP and another anti-apoptosis protein, survivin, were highly expressed in the cytoplasm of cells in active RA synovial tissue [101]. Second mitochondria-derived activator of caspase/direct inhibitor of apoptosis-binding protein with low pI (Smac/DIABLO) [38] mediated inhibition of XIAP activity may favor induction of apoptosis over cell survival under these conditions [31,38]. In addition, XIAP and other IAP proteins can directly inhibit caspase-3 and caspase-7 activity [102] as well as modulate the Bax/cytochrome C apoptosis pathway via XIAP-mediated inhibition of caspase-9 [103].…”
Section: Sapk/mapk Activation: Effects On Inhibitor Of Apoptosis Protmentioning
confidence: 77%
“…Thus, dysfunctional intracellular signaling induced by pro-inflammatory cytokines was shown to be responsible for aberrant immune-cell survival [31-33], articular chondrocyte apoptosis [33,34] and/or “apoptosis-resistance” of cells in RA synovial tissue [35-38]. Abnormalities in the aforementioned JAK/ STAT, SAPK/MAPK and PI-3K/AKT/mTOR pathways [26,27,39-41] as well as aberrant activities in spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) [42-46], the sphingosine kinases, SphK1 and SphK2 [47-52], transforming growth factor β-activated kinase-1 (TAK1) [53], bone marrow kinase (BMX) [54] and nuclear factor-κB-inducing kinase (NIK) [55] have all been found in patients with active RA.…”
Section: Intracellular Signaling Regulates Immune-cell Synoviocyte Smentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…In RA the synovial joint structural damage is also accompanied by "apoptosis-resistance" in the hyperplastic synovial tissue [9][10][11][12] as well as by an increase in the number of apoptotic articular chondrocytes, which significantly affects attempts at cartilage repair [13][14][15]. From a molecular and pathophysiologic perspective the destruction of the RA synovial joints is further facilitated by aberrant signal transduction [16], by up-regulation of pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression [17], and by increased chemokine and adhesion protein synthesis [18,19].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%