Apoptosis-related changes in plasma membrane glycoconjugates of peripheral blood lymphocytes in rheumatoid arthritis

Abstract

Control of apoptosis (apo) is very important for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Recently, we found that an appearance of specific cell surface GC is attributable to apo and developed lectin-induced agglutination test for apo evaluation. The aim of current study was to estimate changes in surface GC expression in peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) of normal healthy donors (NHD) and patients with RA, measured by cell agglutination with the galactose-specific VAA lectin and by lectin-cytochemical analysis. In parallel, these changes in apo incidence were evaluated by the detection of cells with sub-G1 DNA content. The data revealed an increased level of apo in lymphocytes of RA patients (n = 29), and increased cell surface GC expression in lymphocytes of NHD (n = 18). A correlation (R = 0.708) was observed between these two indicators. Specific changes in cell surface GC can be effectively used for the detection of apo cells in RA and other autoimmune disorders.

Cell Surface Glycans at SLE – Changes During Cells Death, Utilization for Disease Detection and Molecular Mechanism Underlying Their Modification

“…Our finding explains the previously known fact of surface glycopattern contribution to the clearance of dying and aged cells (Savill, Fadok, Henson, & Haslett, 1993). We effectively used changed apoptotic cell glycopattern for detection of dying cells in blood samples at the autoimmune disorders (R. Bilyy et al, 2009). We have proved that artificial desialylation of apoptotic and viable cells enhances their clearance by macrophages.…”

“…Previously, we (R. Bilyy et al, 2009) demonstrated a significant increase in apoptosis incidence in the perypheral blood lymphocytes of RA patients comparing with lymphocytes of clinically healthy donors. That increase was detected by both flow cytometry and lectin-induced agglutination testing of apoptosis.…”

Identification of Apoptotic Cells by Means of Lectin Histochemistry: State of the Art Review

“…Our results suggest that "the residues of Gal β1,3-GalNAcα1, α-D-mannose, Nacetylgalactosamine or L-fucose in the N-glycoprotein core are involved in apoptosis regardless of the cell type, whereas the L-fucose terminal (Lewis X antigen; LTA)" [55,59] is only involved in the apoptosis of spermatocytes (Figure 1), b) the residues identified by our battery of lectins in apoptotic cells were similar to those found in isolated cell types in apoptosis by other authors: β-D-galactose and α-D-mannose [44,46], L-Fucose (antigen Lewis X) [60] or Nacetylgalactosamine [61] in which the changes we observed in some sugars have been observed in the early stages of apoptosis [44,46,49,62]. These carbohydrates could participate in the identification and removal of apoptotic cells by phagocytes (Sertoli cells), based on their recognition by the 'eat me signals' found on the cell membrane [51]. "These phagocytic cells recognized the signals and rapidly phagocytized the apoptotic cells before they were degraded, thus preventing the inflammatory reaction and protecting tissues from the damaging effects of the potentially harmful intracellular contents [55,61], c) the plasma membrane of apoptotic cells was lectin-positive during their early stages, while their cytoplasm was also lectin-positive in later stages.…”

“…The data revealed an increased level of apoptosis in lymphocytes of RA patients, with high cell surface Glyc expression and with an increased number of cells exposing galactose-rich Glyc. The authors concluded that cell surface Glyc can be used for the detection of apoptotic cells in RA and other autoimmune disorders [51].…”

Carbohydrate Determinants of Chorionic Villi Glycoconjugates of Human Embryos, Lost due to Sporadic and Recurrent Miscarriages

“…Відповідно пев-ні зміни у цих комплексах можуть провокувати неа-декватну реакцію імунної системи матері на плід. Аналіз динаміки експонування та перерозподілу рецепторів лектинів на поверхні та у складі клітинних компартментів дає змогу оцінювати ступінь диферен-ціювання клітин і тканин загалом, рівень функціо-нальної активності клітин, її здатність до міґрації, фаґоцитозу, ідентифікувати початок незворотних дистрофічних змін і апоптозу [2,5,10,15]. Із огляду на викладене вище, стає очевидною доцільність вив-чення особливостей ґлікопротеїнових та ґліколіпідних комплексів ворсинок хоріона (ВХ) мимовільно елімі-нованих плодів людини в контексті визначення мож-ливих причин їх втрат.…”