Apoptosis of Eosinophil Granulocytes

Abstract

In the past 10 years, the number of people in the Czech Republic with allergies has doubled to over three million. Allergic pollen catarrh, constitutional dermatitis and asthma are the allergic disorders most often diagnosed. Genuine food allergies today affect 6–8% of nursing infants, 3–5% of small children, and 2–4% of adults. These disorders are connected with eosinophil granulocytes and their apoptosis. Eosinophil granulocytes are postmitotic leukocytes containing a number of histotoxic substances that contribute to the initiation and continuation of allergic inflammatory reactions. Eosinophilia results from the disruption of the standard half-life of eosinophils by the expression of mechanisms that block the apoptosis of eosinophils, leading to the development of chronic inflammation. Glucocorticoids are used as a strong acting anti-inflammatory medicine in the treatment of hypereosinophilia. The removal of eosinophils by the mechanism of apoptosis is the effect of this process. This work sums up the contemporary knowledge concerning the apoptosis of eosinophils, its role in the aforementioned disorders, and the indications for the use of glucocorticoids in their related therapies.

The Involvement of Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor on Protein Hydrolysate Injection Mediated Hematopoietic Function Improvement

“…An increased number of granulocytes may cause various allergic diseases in patients. This phenomenon may help us to reveal the adverse reactions caused by PH applied in clinics, such as anaphylaxis, which has been reported to be related to anomalous level of granulocytes [45]. These issues need further investigation not only in animal experiments, but also in clinical trials.…”

Granuloma faciale as a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge

“…However, in vitro studies have demonstrated that their survival can be extended up to 14 days following cytokine stimulation. The dominant population of eosinophils comprises gastrointestinal eosinophils residing in the lamina propria in all segments of the gastrointestinal tract below the esophagus [12][13][14][15]. The primary function of eosinophils is protection against multicellular parasites, which is achieved through the presence of specific acidophilic granules in the cytoplasm comprising, among others, MBP, ECP, eosinophil peroxidase (EPO), and eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN).…”

Emerging Evidence for Pleiotropism of Eosinophils

“…The vast array of receptors present in these granulocytes makes them very versatile cells, with a capacity to react to stimulus, co-stimulate cells in antigen presentation, and migrate to the tissues at physiological and pathological states [43]. Besides, this kind of cell is also equipped with certain intracellular receptors that regulate function (e.g., some toll-like receptors and the glucocorticoid receptor) likewise with a wide number of surface receptors [43][44][45].…”