Apoptosis, Neuroprotection, and Retinal Ganglion Cell Death: An Overview

Farkas, Ronald H.; Grosskreutz, Cynthia L.

doi:10.1097/00004397-200101000-00011

Cited by 67 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 118 publications

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“…The death of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) is a pathological hallmark as well as the final common pathway of various optic neuropathies, such as glaucoma, ischemia and aging-related retinal degeneration (Levin, 1997;Farkas and Grosskreutz, 2001). Although the molecular mechanism of retinal degeneration remains poorly understood, accumulating evidence suggests that oxidative stress, excitotxocity, and coherent intracellular calcium and proteasomal dysregulation, mitochondrial dysfunction and/or endoplasmic reticulum stress might have been profoundly implicated in the pathogenesis of retinal cell death (Bahr, 2000;Farkas and Grosskreutz, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the molecular mechanism of retinal degeneration remains poorly understood, accumulating evidence suggests that oxidative stress, excitotxocity, and coherent intracellular calcium and proteasomal dysregulation, mitochondrial dysfunction and/or endoplasmic reticulum stress might have been profoundly implicated in the pathogenesis of retinal cell death (Bahr, 2000;Farkas and Grosskreutz, 2001). In this regard, excessive exposure of RGC to excitory amino acid glutamate causes apoptotic cell death in cultured RGC (Ferreira et al, 1998;Li et al, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Protective effects of tetramethylpyrazine on rat retinal cell cultures

Yang

Zhang

et al. 2008

Neurochemistry International

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The retinal degeneration characterized with death of retinal ganglion cells is a pathological hallmark and the final common pathway of various optic neuropathies. Thus, there is an urgent need for identifying potential therapeutic compounds for retinal protection. Tetramethylpyrazine has been suggested to be neuroprotective for central neurons by acting as an antioxidant and a calcium antagonist. In this study, we tested the effects of tetramethylpyrazine on the viability of both neuronal and non-neuronal cells in mixed rat retinal cell cultures during a long-term cultivation or following hydrogen peroxide treatments. Cellular and biochemical analyses demonstrated that 50 μM tetramethylpyrazine significantly preserved neuronal morphology and survival in retinal cell cultures following 4-week in vitro cultivation as well as lethal exposures to hydrogen peroxide (10μM or 50 μM for 24 hr). Hydrogen peroxide treatments induced remarkable increases in lipid peroxidation and mitochondrial ROS generation paralleled by the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential, microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP-2) in neuronal soma and rattin peptide in cultured cells. Addition of tetramethylpyrazine in the cultures efficiently attenuated the signs of oxidative stress and retained abundance of MAP-2 and rattin in association with cell survival. In addition, siRNAmediated downregulation of MAP-2 or rattin significantly increased the vulnerability of retinal neurons or the number of degenerating cells in the cultures, respectively, whereas exogenous humanin peptide, an analog of rattin, promoted cell survival in cultures under hydrogen peroxide attacks. These results suggest that tetramethylpyrazine protect retinal cells through multiple pathways and might be a potential therapeutic candidate for retinal protection in certain optic neuropathies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protective effects of tetramethylpyrazine on rat retinal cell cultures

Yang

Zhang

et al. 2008

Neurochemistry International

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“…In glaucoma, the mechanisms of cell death differ in retinal ganglion cell bodies and axons 2.1.1 Cell body death RGC cell body death occurs via apoptosis or necrosis [Farkas & Grosskreutz, 2001;Kuehn et al, 2005;Tatton et al, 2001]. Apoptosis is an active genetic process whereby a cell undergoes an organized series of events culminating in self-destruction.…”

Section: 1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Retinal Ganglion Cell Death

Budak¹,

Joshi²

2011

Glaucoma - Basic and Clinical Concepts

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“…It is the cause of 15% of blindness cases, and also the second leading cause of blindness. In addition, PCG is an inherited ocular disorder with common signs including a particular pattern of visual field loss and degeneration of the optic nerve (1) caused by apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells (2). Therefore, irreversible vision loss can be the result of disorder of aqueous outflow, increased intraocular pressure (IOP), and optic nerve damage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Genetic Counseling in Prevention of Primary Congenital Glaucoma

Kheradpajouh

Assar

2017

Jentashapir J Health Res

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Introduction: Background and objectives: Primary congenital glaucoma (PCG) (OMIM: 231300) is an inherited ocular illness, which leads to permanent blindness. Up to now, three dissimilar loci are mapped for PCG. The most common locus detected for this disease is cytochrome P450 (CYP1B1; GLC3A) mutations. Expression and penetrance of PCG varies from 40% to 100%. It seems the high incidence in the oriental communities is due to consanguineous matrimonies. PCG happens in both sporadic and familial patterns. Inheritance in familial cases is usually autosomal recessive, which sometimes manifested as incomplete penetrance. Pseudo -dominant transmission was also reported. Case Presentation: The paper reports a case of genetic counseling in Iran that the client couple had family marriage and demanded pre-pregnancy consultation, but the male was healthful and unaware of treated genetic disorder in his infancy. After history taking, the first candidate gene (CYP1B1) in the husband and his parents were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), sequenced using Sanger technique; therefore, the control subjects and patients were analyzed to identify PCG mutations. Conclusions: The husband and his mother were compound heterozygote for CYP1B1 gene mutations including two variations in 61 and 368 codons. Also his father was heterozygote for one variant. More investigations showed that the wife (husband's cousin) did not mention mutations. The local certified counselor/physician provided genetic counseling, should investigate surgery reason and its description for individuals with therapeutic or plastic surgery history. This early and reliable diagnosis of the disease is vital for the next generation, especially in family marriage cases, prenatal diagnosis is provided, also, appropriate and early medical and surgical prognoses can be performed. This causes prevention of visual loss and save vision of the child.

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Apoptosis, Neuroprotection, and Retinal Ganglion Cell Death: An Overview

Cited by 67 publications

References 118 publications

Protective effects of tetramethylpyrazine on rat retinal cell cultures

Protective effects of tetramethylpyrazine on rat retinal cell cultures

Retinal Ganglion Cell Death

The Role of Genetic Counseling in Prevention of Primary Congenital Glaucoma

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