Apoptosis is induced in the subependyma of young adult rats by ionizing irradiation

Bellinzona, Mattia; Gobbel, Glenn T.; Shinohara, Chie; Fike, John R.

doi:10.1016/0304-3940(96)12572-6

Cited by 91 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Apoptotic cell death has been measured directly in several studies (e.g., Shinohara et al, 1997). The effects of IR on apoptosis were dose-dependent and occurred within hours after treatment (Bellinzona et al, 1996). Interference with the cell cycle regulatory proteins and consequent apoptosis are the primary mechanisms (Limoli et al, 2004) responsible for cell death that occurs within several hours of treatment.…”

Section: How Does Irradiation Work?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Irradiation as an experimental tool in studies of adult neurogenesis

Wojtowicz

2006

Hippocampus

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"Loss of function" experiments have been the mainstay approach in studies seeking to determine functional roles of various brain regions in learning and memory. The hippocampal formation consists of several distinct regions that are thought to play different, yet interrelated, roles in the memory processes. Ionizing radiation offers a selective and highly flexible, relatively uninvasive method to further advance such studies. Focused applications of the radiation beam to the head under general anesthesia can selectively reduce ongoing adult neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus without causing any detectable damage to mature neurons. Further refinements of the methodology should offer many opportunities to extend our present knowledge of how and when adult neurogenesis plays a role in learning and memory.

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Section: How Does Irradiation Work?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Irradiation as an experimental tool in studies of adult neurogenesis

Wojtowicz

2006

Hippocampus

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“…48,70,72 Indeed, the profound impact of brain irradiation on neurogenesis has led to its becoming the gold-standard laboratory technique to abolish neurogenesis in animal models. 4,56,57,83,96 Although the mechanisms are not fully understood, a link between persistent microglial activation and impaired hippocampal neurogenesis has been reported. 57,58 It is now known that although radiation kills rapidly dividing neural progenitor cells, the more quiescent neural stem cells (NSCs) remain viable after brain radiation, albeit in a persistently quiescent state only modestly responsive to proneurogenic stimuli such as voluntary physical exercise and mitogenic stimulation.…”

Section: Impact Of Radiation On Neurogenesis and Neuronal Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation-induced brain injury: low-hanging fruit for neuroregeneration

Burns

Awad

et al. 2016

FOC

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Brain radiation is a fundamental tool in neurooncology to improve local tumor control, but it leads to profound and progressive impairments in cognitive function. Increased attention to quality of life in neurooncology has accelerated efforts to understand and ameliorate radiation-induced cognitive sequelae. Such progress has coincided with a new understanding of the role of CNS progenitor cell populations in normal cognition and in their potential utility for the treatment of neurological diseases. The irradiated brain exhibits a host of biochemical and cellular derangements, including loss of endogenous neurogenesis, demyelination, and ablation of endogenous oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. These changes, in combination with a state of chronic neuroinflammation, underlie impairments in memory, attention, executive function, and acquisition of motor and language skills. Animal models of radiation-induced brain injury have demonstrated a robust capacity of both neural stem cells and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells to restore cognitive function after brain irradiation, likely through a combination of cell replacement and trophic effects. Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells exhibit a remarkable capacity to migrate, integrate, and functionally remyelinate damaged white matter tracts in a variety of preclinical models. The authors here critically address the opportunities and challenges in translating regenerative cell therapies from rodents to humans. Although valiant attempts to translate neuroprotective therapies in recent decades have almost uniformly failed, the authors make the case that harnessing human radiation-induced brain injury as a scientific tool represents a unique opportunity to both successfully translate a neuroregenerative therapy and to acquire tools to facilitate future restorative therapies for human traumatic and degenerative diseases of the central nervous system.

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“…7,8 Subependymal cells have also been shown to undergo XRT-induced apoptosis. 9,10 Oligodendrocytes are post-mitotic cells that ensheath neuronal axons with concentric layers of myelin. Myelinated axons conduct much faster than bare axons and demyelination is associated with many neuropathologic conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radiation-induced apoptosis in the adult central nervous system is p53-dependent

2000

Cell Death Differ

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Oligodendrocytes and subependymal cells in the adult CNS have been shown to undergo radiation-induced apoptosis. Here, we examined the role of p53 in radiation-induced apoptosis in the adult mouse CNS. In the spinal cord of p53+/+ mice, apoptotic glial cells were observed within 24 h after irradiation, and the apoptotic response peaked at 8 h. These apoptotic cells demonstrated the immunohistochemical phenotype of oligodendrocytes, and decreased oligodendrocyte density was observed at 24 h after 22 Gy. A similar time course of radiation-induced apoptosis was seen in subependymal cells in the adult mouse brain. Radiation-induced apoptosis was preceded by an increase in nuclear p53 expression in glial cells of the spinal cord and subependymal cells of the brain. There was no evidence of radiation-induced apoptosis in the spinal cord and subependymal region of p537/7 animals. We conclude that the p53 pathway may be a mechanism through which DNA damage induces apoptosis in the adult CNS. Cell Death and Differentiation (2000) 7, 712 ± 720.

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Apoptosis is induced in the subependyma of young adult rats by ionizing irradiation

Cited by 91 publications

References 17 publications

Irradiation as an experimental tool in studies of adult neurogenesis

Irradiation as an experimental tool in studies of adult neurogenesis

Radiation-induced brain injury: low-hanging fruit for neuroregeneration

Radiation-induced apoptosis in the adult central nervous system is p53-dependent

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