Apoptosis induction after herpes simplex virus infection differs according to cell type in vivo

Abstract

We compared apoptosis induction in mice following three routes of infection. After intravenous infection, wild-type herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2 and US3Delta mutants infected the adrenal gland and caused apoptosis. Corneal infection with wild-type virus resulted in apoptosis in a fraction of infected epithelium cells. Interestingly, many uninfected cells were apoptotic in the retina. Although neurons in the trigeminal ganglion were heavily infected, no apoptotic neurons were observed. Intracranial infection with wild-type virus resulted in HSV-infected cells inside the brain; however, most of the infected neurons escaped apoptosis. In contrast, infection with US3Delta and gamma(1)34.5Delta mutants caused apoptosis in infected neurons. Cleaved caspase-8 and p53 were detected in apoptotic cells in the adrenal gland and the brain; however, phospho-JNK was detected only in apoptotic cells of the brain. These results suggest that the activation of apoptotic signaling proteins differs depending on the host cell type and modulates the induction of apoptosis in HSV-infected cells.

Hepatocyte growth factor incorporated into herpes simplex virus vector accelerates facial nerve regeneration after crush injury

“…Rabbit polyclonal anti-S-100 (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Waltham, MA, USA) antibody and mouse monoclonal anti-KT3 antibody (Covance Research Products, Princeton, NJ, USA) were used in combination with Alexa Fluor 488-conjugated goat anti-mouse antibody and 546-conjugated goat anti-rabbit antibody (Invitrogen Corp., Carlsbad, CA, USA). 48 The images were obtained using confocal laser scanning microscopy (Leica Microsystems GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany).…”

Bovine herpesvirus type 5 infection regulates Bax/BCL-2 ratio

“…As primary cell cultures are relatively difficult to obtain and maintain over several passages, Madin-Darby bovine kidney cells (MDBK) are commonly used for BoHV-5 isolation and multiplication Marin et al, 2012). Some α-herpesviruses, such pseudorabies virus (PrV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) are known to grow in a wide range of cell types, but the host range of BoHV-5 has not been extensively investigated (Deruelle et al, 2010;Esaki et al, 2010;Dufour et al, 2011). This study provides new information regarding BoHV-5 replication in bovine nonepithelial cells.…”

“…Apoptosis modulation seems to be a key step in herpesvirus pathogenesis (Griffin et al, 2010). In spite of many studies on the subfamily α-Herpesvirinae regarding anti-and-pro-apoptosis mechanisms, evidence of association of BoHV-5 with these events is completely unknown (Deruelle et al, 2010;Esaki et al, 2010;Dufour et al, 2011).…”

Latent Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Infection Does Not Induce Apoptosis in Human Trigeminal Ganglia

“…From the present experiments, we can only speculate about the mechanisms behind the inhibition of apoptosis in ganglia latently infected with HSV-1. As destruction of neurons is seen very rarely in mice (23,24) and never in humans (11), infiltrating CD8…”