Apoptosis-induced compensatory proliferation. The Cell is dead. Long live the Cell!

Abstract

In multi-cellular organisms, activation of apoptosis can trigger compensatory proliferation in surrounding cells to maintain tissue homeostasis. Genetic studies in Drosophila have indicated that distinct mechanisms of compensatory proliferation are employed in apoptotic tissues of different developmental states. In proliferating eye and wing tissues, the initiator caspase Dronc coordinates cell death and compensatory proliferation through the Jun N-terminal kinase and p53. The mitogens Decapentaplegic and Wingless are induced in this process. By contrast, in differentiating eye tissues, the effector caspases DrICE and Dcp-1 activate the Hedgehog signaling pathway to induce compensatory proliferation. In this review, we summarize these findings and discuss how activation of apoptosis is linked to the process of compensatory proliferation. The developmental and pathological relevance of compensatory proliferation is also discussed.

Instructive reconstruction: A new role for apoptosis in pattern formation

“…This is likely to be the case as apoptosis-induced compensatory proliferation and regeneration is certainly conserved across numerous species [14][15][16][17]. Therefore, the link between apoptosis and developmental patterning should now be examined more closely in multiple phyla.…”

“…If the former is the case, the widespread mechanism of 'apoptosisinduced compensatory proliferation and regeneration' [14][15][16][17] can be incorporated into a broader developmental mechanism of 'instructive apoptotic patterning'.…”

Entre homéostasie et développement, quelles stratégies pour régénérer ?

“…Récemment, nous avons proposé que la prolifération compensatrice induite par l'apoptose agisse comme un mécanisme conservé capable de déclencher une réponse de type régénératif à une blessure. Ce mécanisme semble en effet être à l'oeuvre chez la larve de mouche qui régénère ses disques imaginaux (Fan & Bergmann, 2008a;Bergantinos et al, 2010;Morata et al, 2011), chez le têtard de Xénope qui régénère sa queue (Tseng et al, 2007), chez l'Hydre qui régénère sa tête après bissection mi-gastrique , ou chez la souris qui régénère sa peau ou son foie (Li et al, 2010). Par ailleurs l'apoptose a été détectée dans de nombreux contextes régénératifs tels que la planaire régénérant son corps (Hwang et al, 2004;Pellettieri et al, 2009).…”

“…Il permet d'activer le programme de redéveloppement (module III), qui le plus souvent repose sur les cascades de signalisation utilisées au cours de l'organogénèse. (Fan & Bergmann, 2008a). Ces deux types de signalisation, qui dépendent donc de la niche cellulaire où ils sont initiés, correspondent en fait à deux formes distinctes de prolifération compensatrice induite par l'apoptose.…”

Cell death: what can we learn from flies? Editorial for the special review issue on Drosophila apoptosis

“…Unfortunately, due to topic overlap and space constraints, several topics did not get a dedicated review in this issue, and I apologize to those whose work was not mentioned. Several of these topics got excellent coverage in recent reviews: cell death in compensatory proliferation [12], cell competition [13], the role of the Hippo/Salvador pathway in apoptosis [14], the regulation of apoptosis in the pupal retina [15] and the role of alternative death pathways such as autophagy [16].…”