Apoptosis induced by ultraviolet radiation is enhanced by amplitude modulated radiofrequency radiation in mutant yeast cells

Markkanen, Ari; Penttinen, Piia; Naarala, Jonne; Pelkonen, Jukka; Sihvonen, Ari-Pekka; Juutilainen, Jukka

doi:10.1002/bem.10167

Cited by 41 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…They showed that EMF did not interact with cell proliferation but slightly enhance sensitivity to Fas-induced apoptosis, although no effect on butyrate-nor ceramideinduced apoptosis was noticed. It has also been found in mutant yeast cells that ultraviolet radiation inducedapoptosis is enhanced by GSM exposure, but no effect was observed in cells exposed to unmodulated fields [Markkanen et al, 2004]. These results suggest that modulation of EMF may be important in inducing programmed cell death.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

No apoptosis is induced in rat cortical neurons exposed to GSM phone fields

Joubert¹,

Lévêque²,

Cueille³

et al. 2006

Bioelectromagnetics

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The aim of this study was to investigate the radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic fields (EMF) effects on neuronal apoptosis in vitro. Primary cultured neurons from cortices of embryonic Wistar rats were exposed to a 900-MHz global system for mobile communication (GSM) RF field for 24 h in a wire-patch cell. The average-specific absorption rate (SAR) used was 0.25 W/kg. Apoptosis rate was assessed immediately or 24 h after exposure using three methods: (i) DAPI staining; (ii) flow cytometry using double staining with TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) and propidium iodide (PI); and (iii) measurement of caspase-3 activity by fluorimetry. No statistically significant difference in the apoptosis rate was observed between controls and 24 h GSM-exposed neurons, either 0 h or 24 h post-exposure. All three methods used to assess apoptosis were concordant. These results showed that, under the conditions of experiment used, GSM-exposure does not significantly increase the apoptosis rate in rat primary neuronal cultures. This work is in accordance with other studies performed on cell lines and, to our knowledge, is the first one performed on cultured cortical neurons.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

No apoptosis is induced in rat cortical neurons exposed to GSM phone fields

Joubert¹,

Lévêque²,

Cueille³

et al. 2006

Bioelectromagnetics

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“…There are no systematic data on how the reported modulation-specific effects depend on the level of exposure to RF fields. Most of the positive studies have used SARs of 1-5 W/kg, but modulation-dependent effects on the human central nervous system [Hinrikus et al 2008a,b;Croft et al, 2010] and in vitro systems [Capri et al, 2004b;Markkanen et al, 2004] have also been reported at levels below 1 W/kg. Systematic data are also lacking concerning dependence of the effects on modulation parameters.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Capri et al [2004b] exposed human lymphocytes from 8 to 25 healthy donors per condition to CW or GSMmodulated 900 MHz RF signals, and found that apoptosis induced by 2-deoxy-D-ribose was increased only by the GSM signal. Markkanen et al [2004] reported that apoptosis measured by annexin V-FITC staining was enhanced by GSM-modulated RF fields in Cdc-48 mutant yeast cells that were treated with elevated temperature and UV radiation to induce apoptosis. CW RF fields at identical exposure levels did not affect apoptosis.…”

Section: In Vitro Studies On Cancer-relevant Non-genotoxic Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of possible modulation‐dependent biological effects of radiofrequency fields

Juutilainen

Höytö

Kumlin

et al. 2011

Bioelectromagnetics

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The biological effects of modulated radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic fields have been a subject of debate since early publications more than 30 years ago, suggesting that relatively weak amplitude-modulated RF electromagnetic fields have specific biological effects different from the well-known thermal effects of RF energy. This discussion has been recently activated by the increasing human exposure to RF fields from wireless communication systems. Modulation is used in all wireless communication systems to enable the signal to carry information. A previous review in 1998 indicated that experimental evidence for modulation-specific effects of RF energy is weak. This article reviews recent studies (published after 1998) on the biological effects of modulated RF fields. The focus is on studies that have compared the effects of modulated and unmodulated (continuous wave) RF fields, or compared the effects of different kinds of modulations; studies that used only one type of signal are not included. While the majority of recent studies have reported no modulation-specific effects, there are a few interesting exceptions indicating that there may be specific effects from amplitude-modulated RF fields on the human central nervous system. These findings warrant follow-up studies.

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“…There have been several reports that non-thermal levels of RF radiation can increase apoptosis in response to ionizing ultra-violet or gamma radiation [42,43]. Studies investigating whether such synergism extends to exposure to multiple radio frequencies have been few, and their results, like ours, negative, whether epidemiological [2,3] or experimental [4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 49%

An Experimental Multi-Frequency System for Studying Dosimetry and Acute Effects on Cell and Nuclear Morphology in Rat Tissues

López-Furelos¹,

Miñana-Maiques²,

Leiro³

et al. 2012

PIER

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Abstract-Simultaneous exposure to multiple electromagnetic signals with widely differing carrier frequencies is a reality of daily life, but its possible effects on health are unknown. In this study, we exposed rats to non-thermal levels of 900 and 2450 MHz TEM-mode radiation, applied individually or simultaneously, and we obtained estimates of 1 g mean SAR (specific absorption rate) in various tissues using a numerical model of the rat and finite-difference timedomain software. The experimental system comprised a GTEM (gigahertz TEM) chamber connected to two vector signal generators, a signal mixer and amplifier, a directional coupler, a spectrum analyzer and a power meter. Tissue sections from rats sacrificed 24 h after exposure, and from negative controls and positive controls exposed to gamma radiation, were stained with haematoxylin-eosin for evaluation of general cell morphology and with DAPI (4', 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) for evaluation of apoptosis. Lesions, tissue destruction and apoptosis were only observed in positive controls. The results for rats exposed to either frequency, or to both simultaneously, were similar to those of unexposed negative controls. It remains to determine whether chronic exposure is similarly innocuous.

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Apoptosis induced by ultraviolet radiation is enhanced by amplitude modulated radiofrequency radiation in mutant yeast cells

Cited by 41 publications

References 17 publications

No apoptosis is induced in rat cortical neurons exposed to GSM phone fields

No apoptosis is induced in rat cortical neurons exposed to GSM phone fields

Review of possible modulation‐dependent biological effects of radiofrequency fields

An Experimental Multi-Frequency System for Studying Dosimetry and Acute Effects on Cell and Nuclear Morphology in Rat Tissues

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