Apoptosis in somatic cells of cow's milk and its relation to subclinical mastitis

Anwer, Abeer M.; Asfour, Hanaa; Gamal, Inas M.

doi:10.5455/ajvs.226058

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…In the present investigations, mastitis and metritis-affected groups did not reveal any DNA fragmentation (Fig 2) up to 48hr post-incubation indicating delayed apoptosis as reported earlier in mastitis and healthy buffaloes (Anwer et al 2016). The delay in the natural apoptosis of neutrophils was found in patients with inflammatory diseases, including acute respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis and acute coronary artery disease (Garlichs et al 2004).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

Delayed apoptosis of buffalo neutrophil during mastitis and metritis

et al. 2022

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Mastitis and metritis are the common inflammatory diseases of buffalo and result huge economic losses to the small-scale farmers. Neutrophils are recruited during inflammation and cleared from site of inflammation by apoptosis to prevent further tissue damage. However, data are lacking on this aspect in buffalo. Hence, the study was aimed to determine the viability and apoptosis of neutrophils of buffalo during mastitis and metritis. Peripheral blood samples were collected from healthy, mastitis and metritis group (n=5, each group). Neutrophils were isolated and maintained up to 48 hr in RPMI-1640. The viability of neutrophils at different time intervals (6, 12, 24, 36 and 48 hr) was determined using trypan blue dye exclusion method. DNA Laddering, light microscopy, caspase-3 and caspase-9 colorimetric assays were used to observe the apoptosis. Freshly isolated neutrophils showed â‰¥ 97% purity and â‰¥ 92% viability. Healthy group showed decrease (p<0.05) in viable neutrophils 12hr and onwards post-incubation. The number of apoptotic neutrophils was lower (p<0.05) at 36hr and onwards post-incubation in mastitis group and at 48hr post-incubation in metritis group as compared to control group. DNA fragmentation was observed after 24hr post-incubation in healthy group and was absent in mastitis and metritis groups suggesting the delayed apoptosis during mastitis and metritis. Caspase-3 and caspase-9 activity did not show any change in healthy group, however, there was significant increase at 24hr and 36hr post-incubation in mastitis and metritis group. Taken together, data suggest delayed apoptosis in mastitis and metritis.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 80%

Delayed apoptosis of buffalo neutrophil during mastitis and metritis

et al. 2022

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“…A larger sample size with a differentiation of the mastitis-causing pathogen may have optimised the outcome. Several studies describe an influence of the number and type of bacteria on the DCC and cell viability in milk [ 36 , 37 ]. Recently, the host–pathogen interaction has gained better understanding since mammary epithelial cells have been identified as crucial for the first pathogen recognition and initiation of the immune response.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell Differentiation of Bovine Milk Control Samples to Improve Prognosis of Mastitis Cure

Bunge

Dreyer

Paduch³

et al. 2022

Antibiotics

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To optimise udder health at the herd level, identifying incurable mastitis cases as well as providing an adequate therapy and culling strategy are necessary. Cows with clinical mastitis should be administered antibiotic medication if it is most likely to improve mammary cure. The somatic cell count (SCC) in milk of the monthly implemented Dairy Herd Improvement (DHI) test represents the most important tool to decide whether a cow has a promising mammary cure rate. Differential cell count (DCC) facilitates the specification of the immunological ability of defence, for example by characterising leukocyte subpopulations or cell viability. The aim of this study was to assess the DCC and cell viability in DHI milk samples regarding the cytological (CC) and bacteriological cure (BC) of the udder within a longitudinal study, thereby gaining a predictive evaluation of whether a clinical mastitis benefits from an antibiotic treatment or not. The cows enrolled in this study had an SCC above 200,000 cells/mL in the previous DHI test. Study 1 assessed the CC by reference to the SCC of two consecutive DHI tests and included 1010 milk samples: 28.4% of the mammary glands were classified as cytologically cured and 71.6% as uncured. The final mixed logistic regression model identified the total number of non-vital cells as a significant factor associated with CC. An increasing amount of non-vital cells was related to a lower individual ability for CC. Cows which were in the first or second lactation possessed a higher probability of CC than cows having a lactation number above two. If animals developed a clinical mastitis after flow cytometric investigation, the BC was examined in study 2 by analysing quarter foremilk samples microbiologically. Taking 48 milk samples, 81.3% of the mammary glands were classified as bacteriologically cured and 18.7% as uncured. The percentage of total non-vital cells tended to be lower for cows which were cured, but no significance could be observed. This study revealed that the investigation of the proportion of non-vital cells in DHI milk samples can enhance the prognosis of whether an antibiotic treatment of clinical mastitis might be promising or not. Prospectively, this tool may be integrated in the DHI tests to facilitate the decision between therapy or culling.

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“…Varying bedding materials and the cultivation of the pack may have an impact on PMN fluctuations. The cell fraction PMN has shorter half-life periods than lymphocytes or macrophages, and reacted more sensitive on environmental alterations (Anwer et al, 2017), possibly explaining the observed differences in PMN fractions between both farming systems compost and cubicle. Independent from the farming system, the count for segmented neutrophils substantially increased with increasing milk production.…”

Section: Cell Fractions In Housing Systemsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Microscopic differential cell count and specific mastitis pathogens in cow milk from compost-bedded pack barns and cubicle barns

Wagner

Brügemann

Yin

et al. 2021

Journal of Dairy Research

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Compost bedded pack barns (compost) as a new free walk housing system favorably influence udder health due to improved animal welfare and lying comfort. On the other hand, unfavorable effects on udder health are possible, due to the open bedded pack and the associated larger bacterial content in moisture. For in-depth farming system comparisons, the present study aimed to evaluate the specific cell fractions and mastitis pathogens in milk from cows kept in compost and in conventional cubical barns (cubicle). For milk sample collection we used a repeated measurement data structure of 2,198 udder quarters from 537 Holstein cows kept in six herds (3 in compost and 3 in cubicle). Differential cell counting was conducted including lymphocytes, macrophages and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). Specific mastitis pathogens comprised major and minor pathogens. Mixed models were applied to infer environmental and cow associated effects on cell fractions and on prevalences for pathogen infections, with specific focus on system × lactation stage, system × milk yield and system × somatic cell count effects. The interaction between system and lactation stage showed significant differences (P < 0.01) between the systems. A significantly smaller number of bacteriologically positive quarters and lower prevalences for minor pathogens were detected in compost compared to cubicle. Least squares means for pathogen prevalences indicated a quite constant proportion of bacteriologically negative udder quarters across milk yield levels in compost, but a slight increase with increasing milk yield in cubicle. Cell fraction responses in both systems differed in relation to the overall bacteriological infection status and farming system particularities. In conclusion, different cell fractions and specific mastitis pathogens should be considered as an indicator for udder health in different production systems, taking into account cow associated factors (lactation stage, milk yield).

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Apoptosis in somatic cells of cow's milk and its relation to subclinical mastitis

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Delayed apoptosis of buffalo neutrophil during mastitis and metritis

Delayed apoptosis of buffalo neutrophil during mastitis and metritis

Cell Differentiation of Bovine Milk Control Samples to Improve Prognosis of Mastitis Cure

Microscopic differential cell count and specific mastitis pathogens in cow milk from compost-bedded pack barns and cubicle barns

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