Apoptosis in Sea Urchin Embryos

Roccheri, Maria Carmela; Barbata, G; Cardinale, Francesca; Tipa, Cinzia; Bosco, Liana; Oliva, O. A.; Cascino, D.; Giudice, Giovanni

doi:10.1006/bbrc.1997.7540

Cited by 25 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…We found that camptothecin replicated the staurosporine induced apoptotic phenotype in cleaving embryos, so in this study we focus on the use of staurosporine for assaying apoptosis. We employed staurosporine at concentrations from 50 nM to 5 mM: at 50 nM staurosporine was found to have little to no effect as judged by cell morphology, in agreement with an earlier report (Roccheri et al, 1997) of apoptosis in gastrulae and plutei of another sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. However, in our study of oocytes, eggs, and embryos, 2 and 5 mM staurosporine treatment resulted in a rapid induction of apoptotic phenotypes.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

“…This is consistent with the presence of apoptotic machinery in this model system. Roccheri et al (1997) described apoptosis in later stage sea urchin embryos (gastrulae and plutei) and reported that staurosporine at concentrations higher than 50 nM induced necrotic death instead of apoptosis, as assessed by the absense of distinct DNA laddering in the treated cells. Nevertheless, our results, especially caspase activation in dying cells, and the ability to induce speci®c phenotypes in the early embryos by an alternative drug, are consistent with the apoptotic nature of the observed process.…”

Section: Investigation Of Various Cellular Processes Oftenmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Apoptosis in sea urchin oocytes, eggs, and early embryos

Voronina

Wessel

2001

Molecular Reproduction Devel

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Certain experimental manipulations with sea urchin oocytes, eggs, and early embryos result in induction of cell death. We were interested in whether or not these cells possessed functional apoptotic machinery, and whether cellular demise under certain experimental conditions is due to activation of a programmed cell death pathway. Therefore, we evaluated a number of apoptosis assays in sea urchin oocytes, eggs, and early embryos experimentally induced to apoptose with staurosporine. Our results indicate that these cells each possess and activate necessary apoptotic machinery that leads to characteristic apoptotic phenotypes. The eggs of this animal have completed meiosis, and are quiescent transcriptionally, translationally, and metabolically. Surprisingly, they still undergo apoptosis. The progression through apoptosis of treated specimens could be followed by morphological changes of the cells, by chromatin condensation and degradation, and by activation of caspases. The similarities and differences in the execution of apoptosis between the cell types studied are discussed. Results of this study will be useful for interpreting experiments in these model systems in which different molecules are targeted for interference and which brings about cell death.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Investigation Of Various Cellular Processes Oftenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apoptosis in sea urchin oocytes, eggs, and early embryos

Voronina

Wessel

2001

Molecular Reproduction Devel

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“…Previous studies on cell death in P. lividus sea urchin embryos showed that at the stages of gastrula and pluteus, treatment with combined phorbol ester (TPA) followed by an increase in temperature had a clear apoptotic effect, as revealed by DNA analysis and other apoptotic signals. In this study apoptosis was also found in some cells of non-treated plutei (Roccheri et al, 1997). Roccheri et al (2002) later studied whether programmed cell death was a natural physiological process occurring in sea urchin embryos/larvae due to remodelling and cellular homeostasis during metamorphosis, as observed in the tadpole tail and intestine (Shi et al, 2001).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Diatom-derived oxylipins induce cell death in sea urchin embryos activating caspase-8 and caspase 3/7

et al. 2016

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a b s t r a c tDiatoms are an important class of unicellular algae that produce bioactive secondary metabolites with cytotoxic activity collectively termed oxylipins, including polyunsaturated aldehydes (PUAs), hydroxyacids (HEPEs), oxo-acids and epoxyalcohols. Previous results showed that at higher concentrations, the PUA decadienal induced apoptosis on copepods and sea urchin embryos via caspase-3 activation; at lower concentrations decadienal affected the expression levels of the caspase-8 gene in embryos of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus. In the present work, we studied the effects of other common oxylipins produced by diatoms: two PUAs (heptadienal and octadienal) and four hydroxyacids (5-, 9-11-and 15-HEPE) on P. lividus cell death and caspase activities. Our results showed that (i) at higher concentrations PUAs and HEPEs induced apoptosis in sea urchin embryos, detected by microscopic observation and through the activation of caspase-3/7 and caspase-8 measured by luminescent assays; (ii) at low concentrations, PUAs and HEPEs affected the expression levels of caspase-8 and caspase-3/7 (isolated for the first time here in P. lividus) genes, detected by Real Time qPCR. These findings have interesting implications from the ecological point of view, given the importance of diatom blooms in nutrient-rich aquatic environments.

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“…The exogenous enzyme TdT recognizes the free extremity 3=OH of the fragmented DNA and adds a modified fluorescent deoxynucleotide, Cy3TM-dCTP, to identify the single apoptotic cells (17)(18)(19). As a consequence of the reaction, chromatin appears red when positive for apoptosis.…”

Section: Tunel Assay In Human Oocytesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apoptosis in human unfertilized oocytes after intracytoplasmic sperm injection

Bosco

Ruvolo

Morici

et al. 2005

Fertility and Sterility

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Objective: To investigate the presence of programmed cell death in unfertilized oocytes after intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), assuming that previous apoptotic events could be correlated with the fertilization failure. Design: Comparison of the rate of DNA fragmentation in human oocytes at different stages of maturation soon after pick-up (control) and in unfertilized oocytes after ICSI treatment. Result(s):The DNA fragmentation, by TUNEL assay, appeared in all the immature control oocytes, but only 37% of mature oocytes showed DNA fragmentation. This DNA fragmentation was observed in 88.8% of the oocytes unfertilized after ICSI; furthermore, DNA fragmentation appeared as well in the sperm injected into the cytoplasm. Conclusion(s):The study has shown DNA fragmentation in human oocytes unfertilized after ICSI. The evidence is confirmed as well in control oocytes, free from in vitro culture or manipulation stress. Caspase-3 immunoassay suggests the presence of apoptosis. The high percentage of oocytes demonstrating DNA fragmentation in the unfertilized oocytes could be correlated with fertilization failure. (Fertil Steril 2005;84:1417-23.

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Apoptosis in Sea Urchin Embryos

Cited by 25 publications

References 20 publications

Apoptosis in sea urchin oocytes, eggs, and early embryos

Apoptosis in sea urchin oocytes, eggs, and early embryos

Diatom-derived oxylipins induce cell death in sea urchin embryos activating caspase-8 and caspase 3/7

Apoptosis in human unfertilized oocytes after intracytoplasmic sperm injection

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