Apoptosis as the adaptation mechanism in survival of Trichinella spiralis in the host

Babál, Pavel; Milcheva, Rosica; Petkova, S.; Janega, Pavol; Hurníková, Zuzana

doi:10.1007/s00436-011-2343-2

Cited by 21 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The first striking effect observed was the decrease in DC viability due to the induction of apoptosis in the presence of the live larvae as well as CE. Apoptosis is adopted by helminths to dampen host immune responses and to invade tissues . Recently, apoptosis of fibroblast exposed to A. pegreffii was observed .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anisakis pegreffii impacts differentiation and function of human dendritic cells

Napoletano

Mattiucci

Colantoni

et al. 2018

Parasite Immunology

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Human dendritic cells (DCs) show remarkable phenotypic changes when matured in the presence of helminth-derived products. These modifications frequently elicited a polarization towards Th2 cells and regulatory T cells thus contributing to immunological tolerance against these pathogens. In this study, the interaction between DCs and larvae of the zoonotic anisakid nematode Anisakis pegreffii was investigated. A. pegreffii larvae were collected from fish hosts, and monocyte-derived DCs were cocultured in the presence of the live larvae (L) or its crude extracts (CE). In both experimental conditions, A. pegreffii impacted DC viability, hampered DC maturation by reducing the expression of molecules involved in antigen presentation and migration (ie HLA-DR, CD86, CD83 and CCR7), increased the phagosomal radical oxygen species (ROS) levels and modulated the phosphorylation of ERK1,2 pathway. These biological changes were accompanied by the impairment of DCs to activate a T-cell-mediated IFNγ. Interestingly, live larvae appeared to differently modulate DC secretion of cytokines and chemokines as compared to CE. These results demonstrate, for the first time, the immunomodulatory role of A. pegreffii on DCs biology and functions. In addition, they suggest a dynamic contribution of DCs to the induction and maintenance of the inflammatory response against A. pegreffii.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Apoptosis is adopted by helminths to dampen host immune responses 30,31 and to invade tissues. 32,33 Recently, apoptosis of fibroblast exposed to A. pegreffii was observed. 34 Here, we report that apoptosis is employed by A. pegreffii as a mechanism of immune escape, strongly reducing DC viability throughout the infection phases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anisakis pegreffii impacts differentiation and function of human dendritic cells

Napoletano

Mattiucci

Colantoni

et al. 2018

Parasite Immunology

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“…It is well-known that some intestinal worms such as Nippostrongylus brasiliensis and Trichinella spiralis are able to trigger apoptotic mechanisms in the intestine cells, but the precise mechanism and major involved component need to be elucidated (Kuroda et al 2002; Piekarska et al 2009 a , b ). Interestingly, the worm has evolved an adaptive mechanism to up-regulate and down-regulate apoptosis-related genes in the muscle cells for providing a suitable environment in the nurse cells (Babal et al 2011). T. spiralis is able to monitor environmental events and via the release of its ES molecules manipulates apoptosis process to sustain the longevity, accommodation and its microenvironment niche (Babal et al 2011).…”

Section: Nematodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Helminth-induced apoptosis: a silent strategy for immunosuppression

Zakeri

2017

Parasitology

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During microbial infections, both innate and adaptive immunity are activated. Viruses and bacteria usually induce an acute inflammation in the first setting of infection, which helps the eliciting an effective immune response. In contrast, macroparasites such as helminths are a highly successful group of invaders known to be capable of maintaining a chronic infestation with the minimum instigation. Undoubtedly, generating such an immunoregulatory environment requires the exploitation of various immunosuppressive mechanisms to debilitate host immunity supporting their survival and replication. Several mechanisms have been recognized whereby helminths prolong their infections including an increase of immunoregulatory cells, inhibition of Th1 or Th2 responses, targeting pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and lowering the immune cells quantity via induction of apoptosis. Apoptosis is a programmed intracellular process involving a series of consecutive downstream signalling event evolved to cell death. It plays a pivotal role in several immunological reactions in particular deletion of autoreactive immune cells. Helminth-triggered apoptosis in immune cells exhausts host immunity, which paves the way for generating a permissive environment and chronic infection. This review provides a compilation of recent investigations discussing the apoptotic mechanisms exploited by different worms and the immunological consequences of immune cell death. Finally, the anti-cancer effects of some worm-derived molecules due to their apoptotic effects are discussed, highlighting as potentially druggable candidates to combat cancer.

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“…In addition, real time PCR analysis of the infected muscles showed upregulation of the genes encoding both CPs, with high expression until cyst formation [167] . Later, up-and downregulation of factors involved in apoptosis of the infected muscles were postulated as adaptive mechanism for survival of T. spiralis and chronicity of trichinosis [168] . Furthermore, apoptotic proteolytic activity in small intestine of T. spiralis-infected mice due to caspase 3 was reported.…”

Section: Nematodesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of cysteine proteinases and cystatins in parasites and use of cysteine proteinase inhibitors in parasitic diseases. Part I: Helminths

Abaza

2018

Parasitologists United Journal

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Cysteine proteinase (CP) is a new era as well as interesting topic in several publications during the last two decades. CPs enable several different biological activities in parasite biology and pathogenesis such as digestion of host proteins for nutrition, invasion through cellular and tissue barriers, processing secondary protein modifications for parasite survival as well as manipulation of the host immune system (immunomodulation). In this regard, CPs, like heat shock proteins, are suggested to be virulence factors and serodiagnostic markers. Therefore, CPs data are utilized as drug targets or vaccine candidates through use of their inhibitors as well as in diagnosis of several parasitic diseases. MEROPS is an on-line database for classification, characterization and structural properties of all identified proteinases and their inhibitors. Parasites express not only proteolytic enzymes for their survival and long persistence, but also inhibitors; cystatins, serpins and aspins to inhibit cysteine, serine and aspartic proteinases, respectively, both of the host and their own. On the other hand, CPs inhibitors (CPIs) are either general, inhibiting members of all classes of proteinases, or specific; inhibiting only one class of proteinases. However, a new classification was adopted in 2007, according to their structure; either with low molecular weight peptidomimetic inhibitors or those composed of one or more peptide chains. In spite of that, the majority of research studies used the old classification, general and specific CPIs. The main objective of the this review is to present updated data for all identified CPs and CYSs expressed in helminths and use of their CPIs as chemotherapeutic drug targets or as protective vaccine candidates. The secondary objective is to simplify, as possible, new approaches for drug and vaccine development as well as accurate diagnostic methods in parasitological researches utilizing the terrible evolution in bioinformatics and technology.

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Apoptosis as the adaptation mechanism in survival of Trichinella spiralis in the host

Cited by 21 publications

References 22 publications

Anisakis pegreffii impacts differentiation and function of human dendritic cells

Anisakis pegreffii impacts differentiation and function of human dendritic cells

Helminth-induced apoptosis: a silent strategy for immunosuppression

Expression of cysteine proteinases and cystatins in parasites and use of cysteine proteinase inhibitors in parasitic diseases. Part I: Helminths

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