Apoptosis and its clinical significance for bladder cancer therapy

Kelly, John D.; Williamson, Kate E.; Irvine, A.; Hamilton, Peter; Weir, H.P.; Anderson, Neil; Keane, Patrick F.; Johnston, S. R.

doi:10.1046/j.1464-410x.1999.00871.x

Cited by 24 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…The apoptotic pathway comprises a complex arrangement of sensors, effectors, and regulators [ 63 ]. Kelly et al [ 100 ] reviewed this area specifically for bladder cancer. Survival factors include IGF-1 and IGF-2 binding to their receptor IGF-1R [ 101 ] and interleukin-3 binding to its receptor interleukin-3R [ 102 ].…”

Section: Molecular Pathway Of Bladder Carcinogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The apoptotic pathway is also activated in response to DNA damage, signaling imbalances due to oncogene activation, survival factor insufficiency, or hypoxia [ 63 ]. The p53 protein initiates the transcription of the effectors of apoptosis and is considered to be the “guardian of the genome,” because it can induce either apoptosis or DNA repair depending on the extent of DNA damage and the efficacy of repair [ 100 ].…”

Section: Molecular Pathway Of Bladder Carcinogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After DNA damage, the increased levels of p53 protein cause the transcriptional activation of p21 WAF1 , thus resulting in cell-cycle arrest [ 100 ]. Subsequently, proapoptotic signals converge on the mitochondria, which respond by releasing cytochrome C [ 104 ] to activate the final effectors of apoptosis, the caspases [ 63 , 100 ]. Regulation is achieved by the bcl-2 family of proteins, which exert control on the release of cytochrome C and the caspases [ 63 , 100 ].…”

Section: Molecular Pathway Of Bladder Carcinogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Pathobiology and Chemoprevention of Bladder Cancer

Tanaka

Miyazawa

Tsukamoto

et al. 2011

Journal of Oncology

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Our understanding of the pathogenesis of bladder cancer has improved considerably over the past decade. Translating these novel pathobiological discoveries into therapies, prevention, or strategies to manage patients who are suspected to have or who have been diagnosed with bladder cancer is the ultimate goal. In particular, the chemoprevention of bladder cancer development is important, since urothelial cancer frequently recurs, even if the primary cancer is completely removed. The numerous alterations of both oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes that have been implicated in bladder carcinogenesis represent novel targets for therapy and prevention. In addition, knowledge about these genetic alterations will help provide a better understanding of the biological significance of preneoplastic lesions of bladder cancer. Animal models for investigating bladder cancer development and prevention can also be developed based on these alterations. This paper summarizes the results of recent preclinical and clinical chemoprevention studies and discusses screening for bladder cancer.

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Section: Molecular Pathway Of Bladder Carcinogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Molecular Pathway Of Bladder Carcinogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Molecular Pathway Of Bladder Carcinogenesismentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Pathobiology and Chemoprevention of Bladder Cancer

Tanaka

Miyazawa

Tsukamoto

et al. 2011

Journal of Oncology

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“…26 p53 apo pi to zi si ve DNA ona rı mı nı uya rır; bu ne den le ge no mun gar di ya nı ola rak ta nım lanır. [66][67][68] DNA ha sa rın dan son ra p53 pro te i ni se vi yesi nin yük sel me si, p21'in trans krip si yo nel ak ti vasyo nu nun art ma sı na ne den olur ve hüc re dön gü sü dur du ru lur. 69,70 So nuç ta pre a po pi to tik sin yal mi tokon dri de si tok rom c'nin sa lın ma sı na ne den olur ve böy le ce apo pi to zi si yö ne ten kas paz la rın ak ti vas yonu sağ la nır.…”

Section: Har Vey Rat Sar Ko Ma On Ko Ge Ni (H-ras)unclassified

The Role of Molecular Mechanisms in the Development of Bladder Carcinoma: Review

Altayli¹,

Güneş²

2011

Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci

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Ö ÖZ ZE ET T Kanser türleri içinde önemli bir yer tutan mesane kanseri, Batı ülkelerinde yapılan çalışmalara göre sıklık sıralamasında erkeklerde dördüncü sırayla tüm kanserlerin %5-10'unu, kadınlardaysa sekizinci sıradaki yeriyle % 4'ünü oluşturmaktadır. Mesane kanserinin etiyolojisi, büyük oranda bilinmemekle birlikte, çevresel, demografik ve genetik faktörlerin etkili olduğu düşünülmektedir. Mesane kanserinin gelişiminde rol oynayan çevresel faktörler; sigara, mesleki karsinojenler, şistozomiyazis, kronik sistit, tedavi amaçlı siklofosfamid kullanımı ve pelvik radyoterapidir. Mesane kanserinin gelişiminde rol oynayan demografik faktörler cinsiyet, ırk ve yaştır. Mesane kanserinin gelişiminde çok sayıda onkogenlerin ve tümör süpresör genlerin çeşitli seviyelerdeki mutasyonları önemli rol oynamaktadır. Onkogenler, hücresel seviyede dominant etkiye sahip genlerdir; yani aktive edildiklerinde veya ekspresyon seviyeleri arttığında tek bir mutant allel, bir hücreyi normal fenotipten malign fenotipe dönüştürmeye yetebilir. Mesane kanseriyle ilişkili en iyi bilinen onkogenler; H-ras, erb-B2 ve c-myc'dir. Tümör baskılayıcı genlerse onkogenlerin tersine hücre çoğalmasını inhibe edici özelliktedir. Tümör baskılayıcı genlerin, kanser gelişiminde etkili olabilmesi için her iki allelinin fonksiyonunu yitirmesi gerekir ve dolayısıyla bu genler, kanser gelişimindeki etkileri bakımından resesif özelliktedirler. Kromozom 13q'daki retinoblastoma geni (Rb) ve kromozom 17p'deki p53 geni, en iyi çalışılmış tümör baskılayıcı gendir. Kanserin ilerlemesinde anjiyogenez gelişimi, hücre dışı matriks ve hücre adezyon moleküllerindeki çeşitli anormallikler etkili olmaktadır. Ayrıca mesane kanserinin gelişiminde ve ilerlemesinde, mikrosatellit kararsızlığıyla çeşitli epigenetik faktörlerin de etkili olduğu gösterilmiştir. Mesane kanserinin gelişiminde ve ilerlemesinde rol oynayan karmaşık mekanizmaların anlaşılması için yeni çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.A An na ah h t ta ar r K Ke e l li i m me e l le er r: : Mesane tümörleri; onkojenler; genler, tümör baskılayıcı; karsinojenler; mutasyon; hücre yapışma molekülleri; çok biçimlilik, genetik A AB BS S T TR RA AC CT T Studies performed in Western countries has proven that the bladder carcinoma, which occupies an important place among all cancers, constitutes 5-10% of all male cancers and is the fourth most common cancer in males, while it is eighth most common cancer in females and constitutes 4% of all female cancers. Although etiology of bladder carcinoma is not clearly known, environmental, demographic and genetic factors are thought to be influential. The environmental factors that play role in the development of bladder carcinoma are smoking, occupational carcinogens, schistosomiasis, chronic cystitis, administration of cyclophosphamide for therapeutic purposes and pelvic radiotherapy. Demographic factors that play a role in the development of bladder carcinoma are gender, race and age. The mutations on the different levels of tumor suppressor genes and oncogenes have an important role in...

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“…Many of the proteins that conduct apoptosis are constitutively expressed in viable cells, but under favorable growth conditions, their pro-apoptotic activities are held in check by bcl-2 and its pro-survival relatives [16][17][18][19][20] . Some members of the bcl-2 family, such as bcl-2 and bcl-xL, are mighty inhibitors of apoptosis, whereas other family members, such as bak and bax, promote this cell death process [20][21][22] .…”

Section: Controversal Expression Of Members Bcl-2 Family Proteins In mentioning

confidence: 99%