Apoptosis and Clearance of the Secretory Mammary Epithelium

Stanford, Jamie C.; Cook, Rebecca S.

doi:10.5772/52160

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…During the dry period (T3), there is an extensive involution, apoptosis and remodeling of the mammary gland that involves the death and replacement of senescent alveolar cells [61], transforming the udder from a milk factory to a quiescent organ [62]. Probably, one of the main cues that triggers this process is milk stasis [63]. The FOS and JUNB genes are upregulated in the mammary gland of Murciano-Granadina goats at T3, a finding that is relevant because they form part of the activator protein 1 (AP-1) dimeric transcription factor.…”

Section: Increased Mammary Expression Of Genes Related With Cell Deatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analyzing the genomic and transcriptomic architecture of milk traits in Murciano-Granadina goats

Guan

Landi

Luigi-Sierra

et al. 2020

J Animal Sci Biotechnol

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Background: In this study, we aimed to investigate the molecular basis of lactation as well as to identify the genetic factors that influence milk yield and composition in goats. To achieve these two goals, we have analyzed how the mRNA profile of the mammary gland changes in seven Murciano-Granadina goats at each of three different time points, i.e. 78 d (T1, early lactation), 216 d (T2, late lactation) and 285 d (T3, dry period) after parturition. Moreover, we have performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) for seven dairy traits recorded in the 1st lactation of 822 Murciano-Granadina goats. Results: The expression profiles of the mammary gland in the early (T1) and late (T2) lactation were quite similar (42 differentially expressed genes), while strong transcriptomic differences (more than one thousand differentially expressed genes) were observed between the lactating (T1/T2) and non-lactating (T3) mammary glands. A large number of differentially expressed genes were involved in pathways related with the biosynthesis of amino acids, cholesterol, triglycerides and steroids as well as with glycerophospholipid metabolism, adipocytokine signaling, lipid binding, regulation of ion transmembrane transport, calcium ion binding, metalloendopeptidase activity and complement and coagulation cascades. With regard to the second goal of the study, the performance of the GWAS allowed us to detect 24 quantitative trait loci (QTLs), including three genome-wide significant associations: QTL1 (chromosome 2, 130.72-131.01 Mb) for lactose percentage, QTL6 (chromosome 6, 78.90-93.48 Mb) for protein percentage and QTL17 (chromosome 17, 11.20 Mb) for both protein and dry matter percentages. Interestingly, QTL6 shows positional coincidence with the casein genes, which encode 80% of milk proteins. Conclusions: The abrogation of lactation involves dramatic changes in the expression of genes participating in a broad array of physiological processes such as protein, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, calcium homeostasis, cell death and tissue remodeling, as well as immunity. We also conclude that genetic variation at the casein genes has a major impact on the milk protein content of Murciano-Granadina goats.

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Section: Increased Mammary Expression Of Genes Related With Cell Deatmentioning

confidence: 99%