Apoptosis and Cell Cycle Pathway-Focused Genes Expression Analysis in Patients with Different Forms of Thyroid Pathology

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Thyroid hormones are key regulators of essential cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation, and finally apoptosis.
 AIM: The aim of study was to detect changes in the expression of apoptosis and cell cycle pathway-focused genes in patients with different forms of thyroid pathology.
 PATIENTS AND METHODS: 36 patients with thyroid pathology were enrolled in the study. We used the pathway-specific real-time PCR array (Neurotrophins and Receptors RT2 Profiler PCR Array, QIAGEN, Germany) to identify and verify apoptosis and cell cycle pathway-focused genes expression in patients with postoperative hypothyroidism, hypothyroidism as a result of autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) and AIT with elevated serum an anti-thyroglobulin (anti-Tg) and anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) antibodies.
 RESULTS: It was shown that patients with elevated serum anti-Tg and anti-TPO antibodies and with hypothyroidism resulting from AIT had a significantly lower expression of FAS, TGFB, TP53, TGFA, while the expression of CD40 was increased. The mRNA levels of BCL2 and BAX decreased in the patients with elevated serum anti-Tg and anti-TPO antibodies and increased in the patients with hypothyroidism resulting from AIT and postoperative hypothyroidism. The patients with hypothyroidism resulting from AIT and postoperative hypothyroidism had significantly lower expression of HSPB1. NF1 expression did not change in all groups of patients.
 CONCLUSION: The results of this study demonstrate that AIT and hypothyroidism affect the mRNA-level expression of apoptosis and cell cycle pathway-focused genes in gene specific manner and that these changes to gene expression can be responsible for the apoptosis signs and symptoms associated with thyroid pathology.

Expression of Cytokines and Cytokine Receptors-Genes in Patients with Different Forms of Thyroid Pathology in Ukrainian Population

“…A significant factor involved in the induction of autoimmune response is a defect in or deficiency of the immune regulation, particularly disequilibrium between the effector T cells (Teff) and regulatory T cells (Treg) which normally prevent the development of autoimmunity (2,3). Multiple susceptibility genes may be involved in the disease development, some of which are also implicated in other autoimmune diseases (4,5), while others are specific to thyroid autoimmunity (6,7). However, data about the expression of сytokines and cytokine receptor pathway-focused genes in patients with different forms of thyroid pathology from Europe are limited, and no such data from Ukraine has been internationally published.…”

Analysis of the transcriptional activity of genes of neuropeptides and their receptors in the blood of patients with thyroid pathology

“…“Peripheral marker hypothesis” revealed that gene expression changes in some regions of the brain are reflected into the peripheral blood lymphocytes [ 10 ]. Transcriptome analysis is indicative of gene functional activity [ 11 , 12 ]. In our study, we used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) arrays to compare gene expression data, which enables understanding of the influence of thyroid hormones and serum autoantibodies, such as an anti-thyroglobulin antibody (anti-Tg) and anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (anti-TPO) on the mRNA neuropeptides and receptors pathway-focused gene expression in patients with primary hypothyroidism resulted from AIT and postoperative hypothyroidism and patients with AIT with rising serum autoantibodies, such as anti-Tg and anti-TPO.…”

Transcriptional Activity of Neurotrophins Genes and Their Receptors in the Peripheral Blood in Patients with Thyroid Diseases in Bukovinian Population of Ukraine

“…In previous studies, we demonstrated that autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) and hypothyroidism can affect the transcription of mRNA for the genes involved in nerve impulse transmission and cell cycle in a genespecific manner [5], [6], [7]. These changes in gene expression can also play a role in the development of neurological complications related to thyroid pathology, but the model of neurotrophin expression and its regulation under pathological conditions is not yet complete.…”