Apolipoprotein gene polymorphisms and plasma levels in healthy Tunisians and patients with coronary artery disease

Abstract

Aim: To analyze apolipoprotein gene polymorphisms in the Tunisian population and to check the relation of these polymorphisms and homocysteine, lipid and apolipoprotein levels to the coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods:In healthy blood donors and in patients with CAD complicated by myocardial infarction (MI) four apolipoprotein gene polymorphisms [APO (a) PNR, APO E, APO CI and APO CII] were determined and plasma levels of total homocysteine, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), HDL-cholesterol (HLD-C) and apolipoproteins (apo A-I, Apo B, Apo E) were measured.Results: Analysis of the four apolipoprotein gene polymorphisms shows a relative genetic homogeneity between Tunisian population and those on the other side of Mediterranean basin. Compared to controls, CAD patients have significantly higher main concentrations of TC, TG, LDL-C, apo B and homocysteine, and significantly lower ones of HDL-C, apo A-I and apo E. The four apolipoprotein gene polymorphisms have not showed any significant differences between patients and controls. However, the APO E4 allele appears to be associated to the severity of CAD and to high levels of atherogenic parameters and low level of apo E, which has very likely an antiatherogenic role. Conclusion:Although APO (a) PNR, APO CI and APO CII genes are analyzed in only few populations, they show a frequency distribution, which is not at variance with that of APO E gene and other widely studied genetic markers. In the Tunisian population the APO E 4 appears to be only indirectly involved in the severity of CAD. In the routine practice, in addition of classic parameters, it will be useful to measure the concentration of apo E and that of Homocysteine and if possible to determine the APO E gene polymorphism.

Effects of apolipoprotein E genotype on serum lipids in obstructive sleep apnoea

“…Importantly, in nonhypoxic subjects within the e2 and the e3 genotypes the average ApoB was below this risky level, whereas patients with the most severe hypoxia had significantly higher mean ApoB levels, thus suggesting an adverse effect of OSA on ApoB in these genotype groups. Previous studies have demonstrated that in the general population, plasma ApoB concentrations are the highest in e4 allele carriers [23], and our results parallel these findings. Of note, the lack of an additional deleterious effect of sleep disordered breathing on ApoB in the e4 group may potentially represent a ceiling Studying a well-defined cohort of subjects who all underwent full polysomnography represents one of the main strengths of this study.…”

“…Individuals carrying the e4 allele have higher total and LDL cholesterol levels than individuals with the commonest e3e3 genotype and those carrying the e2 allele have lower levels of total and LDL cholesterol [19][20][21]. In addition, associations between APOE genotype and triglycerides [18] and circulating apolipoprotein (Apo)E and ApoB concentrations have been reported in the general population [18,22,23]. Taken together, e4 allele carriers represent the risky APOE genotype [19][20][21][22][23].…”

“…In addition, associations between APOE genotype and triglycerides [18] and circulating apolipoprotein (Apo)E and ApoB concentrations have been reported in the general population [18,22,23]. Taken together, e4 allele carriers represent the risky APOE genotype [19][20][21][22][23]. Nevertheless, the role of APOE gene polymorphisms in lipid metabolism disturbances in OSA, a condition known to be associated with increased cardiovascular risk, is unclear.…”

Haplotype analysis of Apo AI-CIII-AIV gene cluster and lipids level: Tehran lipid and glucose study

“…The results of this study represent an approach to the association between genetic with lipid profiles in Tehranians. CAD is a complex and multi factorial disorder with strong interaction between the genetics and environmental factors [24], which could differ from one population to another [10,25]. Apolipoprotein genes which play an important role in lipoprotein synthesis and their metabolism, are excellent candidates for research.…”

Importance of plasma E apolyprotein dosage, of genetic polymorphism and lipid profile in diabetic patients

“…Coexistenţa diabetului zaharat cu alţi factori, în particular dislipidemia, crește și mai mult riscul de deces prin boli cardiovasculare. Un tipar caracteristic, numit dislipidemie diabetică, constă în niveluri crescute ale trigliceridelor, niveluri scăzute ale HDL și lipemie postprandială, fiind des întâlnită la pacienţii cu diabet zaharat tip 2 sau sindrom metabolic (11,12,13,20).…”