Apolipoprotein D

Crespo‐Sanjuán, Jesús; Zamora-Gonzalez, Nuria; Calvo-Nieves, María Dolores; Andres-Ledesma, Cristina

doi:10.5772/66626

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…For instance, apod (encoding Apolipoprotein D) was more up-regulated in WH fish as compared to WN fish (WN: 4.4-fold, WH: 7.7-fold; qPCR validated), and was positively correlated with spleen-somatic index. The extracellular glycoprotein APOD has multiple functions that involve the immune response, chemoreception, proteolysis and lipid oxidation [ 71 ], and potentially plays a fundamental role in cellular-stress and immune responses. The higher expression of c1ql2 (encoding C1q-like Protein 2) transcripts (WN: 6.4-fold, WH: 12.3-fold; qPCR validated) suggests that the classical complement system pathway was also activated in these treatment groups.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The transcriptomic responses of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) to high temperature stress alone, and in combination with moderate hypoxia

et al. 2021

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Background Increases in ocean temperatures and in the frequency and severity of hypoxic events are expected with climate change, and may become a challenge for cultured Atlantic salmon and negatively affect their growth, immunology and welfare. Thus, we examined how an incremental temperature increase alone (Warm & Normoxic-WN: 12 → 20 °C; 1 °C week− 1), and in combination with moderate hypoxia (Warm & Hypoxic-WH: ~ 70% air saturation), impacted the salmon’s hepatic transcriptome expr\ession compared to control fish (CT: 12 °C, normoxic) using 44 K microarrays and qPCR. Results Overall, we identified 2894 differentially expressed probes (DEPs, FDR < 5%), that included 1111 shared DEPs, while 789 and 994 DEPs were specific to WN and WH fish, respectively. Pathway analysis indicated that the cellular mechanisms affected by the two experimental conditions were quite similar, with up-regulated genes functionally associated with the heat shock response, ER-stress, apoptosis and immune defence, while genes connected with general metabolic processes, proteolysis and oxidation-reduction were largely suppressed. The qPCR assessment of 41 microarray-identified genes validated that the heat shock response (hsp90aa1, serpinh1), apoptosis (casp8, jund, jak2) and immune responses (apod, c1ql2, epx) were up-regulated in WN and WH fish, while oxidative stress and hypoxia sensitive genes were down-regulated (cirbp, cyp1a1, egln2, gstt1, hif1α, prdx6, rraga, ucp2). However, the additional challenge of hypoxia resulted in more pronounced effects on heat shock and immune-related processes, including a stronger influence on the expression of 14 immune-related genes. Finally, robust correlations between the transcription of 19 genes and several phenotypic traits in WH fish suggest that changes in gene expression were related to impaired physiological and growth performance. Conclusion Increasing temperature to 20 °C alone, and in combination with hypoxia, resulted in the differential expression of genes involved in similar pathways in Atlantic salmon. However, the expression responses of heat shock and immune-relevant genes in fish exposed to 20 °C and hypoxia were more affected, and strongly related to phenotypic characteristics (e.g., growth). This study provides valuable information on how these two environmental challenges affect the expression of stress-, metabolic- and immune-related genes and pathways, and identifies potential biomarker genes for improving our understanding of fish health and welfare.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The transcriptomic responses of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) to high temperature stress alone, and in combination with moderate hypoxia

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…For instance, apod (Apolipoprotein D) was more up-regulated in WH sh as compared to WN sh (WN: 4.4-fold; WH: 7.7-fold, qPCR validated), and showed a positive correlation with spleen-somatic index, highlighting its potential relevance for sh health. The extracellular glycoprotein APOD has multiple functions that involve the immune response, chemoreception, proteolysis and lipid oxidation [104], and potentially plays a fundamental role in cellular-stress and immune responses. The higher expression of c1ql2 (C1q-like Protein 2) transcripts (WN: 6.4-fold; WH: 12.3-fold, qPCR validated) suggests that the classical complement system pathway was activated.…”

Section: Immune Responsementioning

confidence: 99%

The Transcriptomic Responses of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) to High Temperature Stress Alone, and in Combination with Moderate Hypoxia

Beemelmanns

Zanuzzo

Xue

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Increases in seawater temperatures and in the frequency and severity of hypoxic events are expected with climate change, and may become a challenge for cultured Atlantic salmon and negatively affect their growth, immunology and welfare. Thus, we examined how an incremental temperature increase alone (Warm & Normoxic-WN: 12→20°C; 1°C week-1), and in combination with moderate hypoxia (Warm & Hypoxic-WH: ~70% air saturation), impacted salmon’s hepatic transcriptome expression compared to control fish (CT: 12°C, normoxic) using 44K microarrays and qPCR. Results: Overall, we identified 2,894 differentially expressed probes (DEPs, FDR < 5%), that included 1,111 shared DEPs, while 789 and 994 DEPs were specific to WN and WH fish, respectively. Pathway analysis suggested that the cellular mechanisms affected by the two experimental conditions were quite similar, with up-regulated genes functionally associated with heat shock response, ER-stress, apoptosis and immune defence, while genes connected with general metabolic processes, proteolysis and oxidation-reduction were largely suppressed. The qPCR assessment of 41 microarray-identified genes validated that the heat shock response (hsp90aa1, serpinh1), apoptosis (casp8, jund, jak2) and immune responses (apod, c1ql2, epx) were up-regulated in WN and WH fish, while oxidative stress and hypoxia sensitive genes were down-regulated (cirbp, cyp1a1, egln2, gstt1, hif1α, prdx6, rraga, ucp2). However, the additional challenge of hypoxia resulted in more pronounced effects on heat shock and immune-related processes, including a stronger influence on the expression of 14 immune-related genes. Finally, robust correlations between the transcription of 19 genes and several phenotypic traits in WH fish suggest that changes in gene expression were related to an impaired physiological and growth performance. Conclusion: Increasing temperature to 20°C alone, and in combination with hypoxia, resulted in the up- and down-regulation of genes involved in similar important pathways in Atlantic salmon. However, the heat shock and immune responses of fish exposed to 20°C and hypoxia were more affected, and their transcriptional dysregulation was related to reduced performance. This study provides valuable information on how these two environmental challenges affect the expression of stress-, metabolic- and immune-related genes and pathways and identifies potential biomarker genes for improving our understanding of fish health and welfare.

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Subclinical infection can be an initiator of inflammaging leading to degenerative disk disease: evidence from host-defense response mechanisms

et al. 2021

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Apolipoprotein D

Cited by 3 publications

References 23 publications

The transcriptomic responses of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) to high temperature stress alone, and in combination with moderate hypoxia

The transcriptomic responses of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) to high temperature stress alone, and in combination with moderate hypoxia

The Transcriptomic Responses of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) to High Temperature Stress Alone, and in Combination with Moderate Hypoxia

Subclinical infection can be an initiator of inflammaging leading to degenerative disk disease: evidence from host-defense response mechanisms

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