Apolipoprotein B versus LDL-cholesterol: Association with other risk factors for atherosclerosis

Vaverková, H; Karásek, David; Novotny, Dalibor; Jackuliakova, Dagmar; Lukeš, Jiří; Halenka, Milan; Fröhlich, Jiří

doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2009.05.004

Cited by 18 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 41 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The initially favorable decrease (P , 0.001) in the ratio of apo B-100 to apo A-I, from 0.66 (0.36-0.96) to 0.60 (0.35-0.92), which is an accepted predictor of CVD risk (39,40), was attenuated parallel to the rebound in cholesterol metabolism during the maintenance phase (data not shown). Nevertheless, the ratio of apo B-100 to apo A-I remained significantly (P = 0.04) decreased at the end of the trial.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Effects of a 2-y dietary weight-loss intervention on cholesterol metabolism in moderately obese men

Leichtle¹,

Helmschrodt²,

Ceglarek³

et al. 2011

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Long-term dietary weight loss results in complex metabolic changes. However, its effect on cholesterol metabolism in obese subjects is still unclear. Objective: We assessed the effects of 2 y of weight loss achieved with various diet regimens on phytosterols (markers of intestinal cholesterol absorption), lanosterol (marker of de novo cholesterol synthesis), and changes in apolipoprotein concentrations. Design: We conducted the 2-y Dietary Intervention Randomized Controlled Trial (DIRECT-a study of low-fat, Mediterranean, and low-carbohydrate diets). We assessed circulating phytosterol and lanosterol concentrations and their ratios to cholesterol and apolipoproteins A-I and B-100 in 90 DIRECT participants at 0, 6, and 24 mo. Results: We observed a significant upregulation of the markers of cholesterol absorption (campesterol: +16.8%, P , 0.001) and a downregulation of the markers of cholesterol synthesis (lanosterol: 216.5%, P = 0.008) during the active weight-loss phase (first 6 mo, weight loss of 5%, 6%, and 10% in the 3 diet groups, respectively), followed by a rebound (campesterol: 26.2%, P = 0.045; lanosterol: +43.7%, P , 0.001) during the next 18 mo (weight gain of 1%, 1%, and 2% in the 3 diet groups, respectively). HDL cholesterol continuously increased during the study (17.0%, P , 0.001), whereas LDL cholesterol remained constant. At the end of the 24-mo followup period, campesterol (P , 0.001) and lanosterol (P = 0.016) amounts were significantly higher than baseline values. The concentration of apolipoprotein B-100 correlated with cholesterol metabolism (q = 0.299 and P = 0.020 for lanosterol;q = 20.105 and NS for campesterol), and the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance correlated with lanosterol (q = 0.09, P = 0.001). Conclusions: Long-term weight loss is related to a characteristic response suggestive of altered cholesterol and apolipoprotein metabolism. Various diets have a similar effect on these effects. DIRECT is registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00160108.Am J Clin Nutr 2011;94:1189-95.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Effects of a 2-y dietary weight-loss intervention on cholesterol metabolism in moderately obese men

Leichtle¹,

Helmschrodt²,

Ceglarek³

et al. 2011

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…[10][11][12] The LDLc/apoB ratio may be a good predictor of LDL particle size, and serve as a surrogate marker of LDL size and, thus, be potentially useful in risk assessment and evaluation of response to statin therapy in patients with CAD.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol/Apolipoprotein B Ratio May Be a Useful Index That Differs in Statin-Treated Patients With and Without Coronary Artery Disease

et al. 2011

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

SummaryLow density lipoproteins (LDLs) are heterogeneous aggregations of molecules of different particle sizes, and smallsize LDLs are more potent risk factors for atherosclerosis. We examined the qualitative characteristics of LDLs in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) receiving statin therapy. LDL-particle size was estimated based on the LDL-cholesterol/apolipoprotein B ratio (LDL-C/apoB) in 214 age-adjusted men receiving statin therapy. The LDL-C/ apoB ratio was significantly lower in the CAD (+) group (n = 107) than in the CAD (-) group (n = 107) (median, 1.17 versus 1.19, P = 0.0095). LDL-C/apoB was significantly lower in patients with serum TG ≥ 150 mg/dL than in those with serum TG < 150 mg/dL, and in patients with serum HDL-C < 40 mg/dL than in those with serum HDL-C ≥ 40 mg/ dL (1.06 versus 1.18, P = 0.012; 1.08 versus 1.22, P = 0.0023). Stepwise logistic regression analysis revealed that elevated serum TG was an independent predictor for smaller sizes of LDLs, both in the overall subjects (β : -0.165, P = 0.02) as well as in the subset with serum LDL-C < 100 mg/dL (β : -0.252, P = 0.011). This study demonstrated that not only the absolute serum LDL-C level, but also the qualitative characteristics of LDL may be monitored for secondary prevention of CAD. Such monitoring is particularly important in patients with elevated serum TG levels, which is associated with smaller sizes of LDL-particles. (Int Heart J 2011; 52: 343-347) Key words: Coronary artery disease, Low-density lipoprotein particle size, Statins M any large clinical studies have demonstrated the efficacy of statins for coronary artery disease (CAD) prevention. However, it has been demonstrated that strict control of the serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) level by statin therapy is not sufficient by itself to completely prevent ischemic cardiac events, even when secondary prevention measures are undertaken to control coronary risk factors other than the serum LDL-C. 1,2)Atherosclerosis-inducing lipoproteins are produced in the liver, which is the major site of production of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL). VLDLs are then metabolized to intermediated-density lipoprotein (IDLs) and LDLs, with a progressive decrease in particle size and an increase in particle specific gravity. LDLs, among other lipoproteins, are aggregations of molecules of different particle sizes. Those with small particle sizes are called small-dense (sd-) LDLs (pattern B phenotype), which have a potent atherosclerosis-inducing effect.3) For a given level of the serum LDL-C levels, the presence of molecules of smaller particle sizes has been demonstrated to be associated with higher ischemic cardiac events. 4,5) In current clinical practice, however, only the absolute serum level of LDL-C is measured, and no qualitative tests (eg, measurement of the particle size) of LDL are performed. Hence, we hypothesized that some patients with chronic stable CAD might have qualitatively abnormal LDL (LDL with a small particle size) despite statin therap...

show abstract

“…ApoB is a marker of all atherogenic particles present because all potentially atherogenic particles contain one copy of apoB-100 associated with various levels of cholesterol and triglycerides. Therefore apoB is a better predictor of the risk of coronary artery disease and other clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis than values of total cholesterol (TC), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) and non-HDL cholesterol (non-HDL-C), as proved repeatedly by numerous prospective epidemiological studies dealing with lipids and apolipoprotein B [2][3][4][5][6]. The use of TG value in this algorithm is justified as well.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Prothrombotic markers in asymptomatic dyslipidemic subjects

Karásek

Vaverková

Halenka

et al. 2010

J Thromb Thrombolysis

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The aim of this study was to evaluate the plasma levels of prothrombotic markers--von Willebrand factor (vWF), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA)--in asymptomatic subjects with dyslipidemia. Asymptomatic subjects with dyslipidemia and their relatives (n = 234) were assessed for lipids and prothrombotic markers. Individuals were divided into four dyslipidemic phenotypes (DLP) according to apolipoprotein B (apoB) and triglycerides (TG): DLP1 (n = 58, apoB < 1.2 g/l and TG < 1.5 mmol/l), DLP2 (n = 47, apoB < 1.2 g/l and TG ≥ 1.5 mmol/l), DLP3 (n = 31, apoB ≥ 1.2 g/l and TG < 1.5 mmol/l) and DLP4 (n = 98, apoB ≥ 1.2 g/l and TG ≥ 1.5 mmol/l). Associations between prothrombotic markers and risk factors for atherosclerosis, markers of insulin resistance, and the intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery (IMT) were assessed too. Significant differences in PAI-1 between normolipidemic phenotype--DLP1 (62.5 (35.9-82.9) ng/ml) and hypertriglyceridemic phenotypes--DLP2 (82.2 (61.1-122.1) ng/ml, p < 0.01) and DLP4 (91.4 (63.5-111.8) ng/ml, p < 0.001) after adjustment for age, sex and body mass index, were found. Levels of t-PA were different only between DLP1 and DLP4 (1.9 (0.9-3.3) ng/ml vs. 5.3 (2.5-8.6) ng/ml, p < 0.05). There were no significant differences of vWF between DLPs. PAI-1 and t-PA correlated with lipid parameters, markers of insulin resistance, blood pressure and obesity. VWF was independently associated with IMT, which was increased in DLP4. Individuals with hypertriglyceridemic phenotypes showed increased levels of PAI-1 in comparison with normolipidemic subjects. The elevation of t-PA was presented only in patients with simultaneously elevated TG and apoB. The significant increase of IMT confirmed in the patients with DLP4 reveals individuals with the highest risk for atherosclerosis manifestation.

show abstract

Apolipoprotein B versus LDL-cholesterol: Association with other risk factors for atherosclerosis

Cited by 18 publications

References 41 publications

Effects of a 2-y dietary weight-loss intervention on cholesterol metabolism in moderately obese men

Effects of a 2-y dietary weight-loss intervention on cholesterol metabolism in moderately obese men

Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol/Apolipoprotein B Ratio May Be a Useful Index That Differs in Statin-Treated Patients With and Without Coronary Artery Disease

Prothrombotic markers in asymptomatic dyslipidemic subjects

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About