Apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I), Immunity, Inflammation and Cancer

Abstract

Apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I), the major protein component of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) is a multifunctional protein, involved in cholesterol traffic and inflammatory and immune response regulation. Many studies revealing alterations of ApoA-I during the development and progression of various types of cancer suggest that serum ApoA-I levels may represent a useful biomarker contributing to better estimation of cancer risk, early cancer diagnosis, follow up, and prognosis stratification of cancer patients. In addition, recent in vitro and animal studies disclose a more direct, tumor suppressive role of ApoA-I in cancer pathogenesis, which involves anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory mechanisms. Herein, we review recent epidemiologic, clinicopathologic, and mechanistic studies investigating the role of ApoA-I in cancer biology, which suggest that enhancing the tumor suppressive activity of ApoA-I may contribute to better cancer prevention and treatment.

ApoB/ApoA-1 Ratio as a Novel Prognostic Predictor in Patients With Primary Small Cell Carcinoma of the Esophagus

“…And in our study, the prognosis was poor when the BAR ratio was increased. This may be related to a decrease in ApoA-1 levels, as low concentrations of ApoA-1 are closely associated with the development, progression, and prognosis of multiple malignancies (18)(19)(20)(21)31). While ApoB's research focuses on cardiac metabolic disorders, the study found that individuals with higher ApoB levels might have a greater cancer mortality risk (31,32).…”

“…Lysophosphatidylcholines, such as lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), are the proliferation activators of many tumors, and ApoA-1 can bind with LPA to inhibit the formation of tumors induced by LPA (35). In addition, there is an interaction between ApoA-1 and the body's inflammatory response, which reduces the rate of liver synthesis and secretion of ApoA-1, and serum low ApoA-1 concentration can indirectly lead to increased cytokine release and strong inflammatory response against tumor cells (20,34,36). Second, serum lipids inhibit the growth and metastasis of tumor cells by stabilizing the stability of prostaglandin 2 (PGI2) (37).…”

“…In this study, continuous variables were transformed into categorical variables. The best cut-off values for all variables were determined by X-tile (23) and were as follows: age (54 years), ApoA-1 (1.47 g/L), ApoB (0.97 g/L), HDL-C (0.97 mmol/L), LDL-C (2.81 mmol/L), TC (4.86 mmol/L), TG (1.10 g/L), BAR (0.72), BMI (20), and PNI (54).…”

“…Lipids are important components of cell membranes and metabolites of organisms, and play an important role in energy storage, structural composition and signal transduction (17,18). Recently, a number of studies have demonstrated that serum lipid, such as total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), apolipoprotein A-1 (ApoA-1) and apolipoprotein B (ApoB) were associated with several types of cancer risk (18)(19)(20)(21). Therefore, determining their content and ratio have important implications for the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer patients.…”

Serum apolipoprotein A-1 is related to inflammatory factors in the acute phase of gout

“…Apoprotein A-I (apoA-1), mainly synthesized by hepatocytes and intestinal cells, is the main component of high density lipoprotein (HDL) [2]. HDL has a versatile anti-atherosclerosis effect on the one hand, the second main feature is its anti-in ammatory properties [3,10].…”