Apocynin restores endothelial dysfunction in streptozotocin diabetic rats through regulation of nitric oxide synthase and NADPH oxidase expressions

Attenuation of vascular dementia by sodium butyrate in streptozotocin diabetic rats

“…P <0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. a P<0.05 versus mean time spent in other quadrants in control; b P<0.05 versus mean time spent in target quadrant in control group; c P<0.05 versus mean time spent in target quadrant in STZ treated group STZ in previous reports has been well reported to induce endothelial dysfunction (Woodman and Malakul 2009;Olukman et al 2010;Schafer et al 2010). In line with these studies, STZ in our investigation has induced significant endothelial dysfunction as reflected by impairment of endothelial dependent relaxation and reduction in nitrite/nitrate level.…”

“…STZ induced experimental diabetes is widely used for the assessment of diabetic conditions and its secondary complications like diabetic neuropathy (Chopra et al 2010), diabetic nephropathy (Marotta et al 2010), diabetic cardiomyopathy (Huynh et al 2010), cardiac hypertrophy (Feng et al 2010), endothelial dysfunction (Olukman et al 2010), post stroke dementia and tau abnormality (Zhang et al 2010), diabetic retinopathy (Rao et al 2010), diabetic erectile dysfunction (Yohannes et al 2010), etc. Fig.…”

NADPH oxidase-derived reactive oxygen species: involvement in vascular physiology and pathology

“…Two different pharmacological approaches have been employed to counteract oxidativestress-induced damage in the cardiovascular system: antioxidant supplements containing vitamins (e.g., vitamins C and E, polyphenols), and selective inhibitors of various enzymatic sources of ROS (Olukman et al 2010).…”

Vascular Biology of Reactive Oxygen Species and NADPH Oxidases: Role in Atherogenesis

“…Hitherto, different pharmacological approaches have been employed to counteract oxidative stress-induced injury in the cardiovascular system i.e. antioxidant supplements containing vitamins C and E, polyphenols or selective inhibitors of distinct sources of ROS (Olukman et al, 2010). Nevertheless, these pharmacological interventions have many disadvantages such as inadequate concentration of active compounds at the site of ROS formation, or vitamins themselves becoming radicals with pro-oxidant activity or not being effective scavengers for various reactive oxygen/nitrogen intermediates, namely hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), peroxynitrite anion (ONOO-), hydroxyl anion (HO•), and hypochlorous acid (HOCl).…”