Aplicación de sensores remotos e inteligencia artificial en la gestión y conservación de bosques frente al cambio climático en México

Abstract

The present review focuses on remote sensors and artificial intelligence (AI) are key tools for monitoring forests andunderstanding climate change. These sensors provide detailed information about the structure and status of forests, includingthe detection of deforestation, diseases, and pests, as well as the estimation of stored carbon. The combination of remotesensors with AI has revolutionized forest management, enabling soil classification, change detection, and forecasting theeffects of climate change. They have also been valuable for biodiversity conservation, identifying areas of high diversity,monitoring ecosystems, and supporting the planning of conservation strategies. Advanced technologies such as drones,planes, satellite imagery, and LiDAR have also proven effective in environmental monitoring. Drones are versatile and cost-effective, planes cover large areas, satellites provide global data, and LiDAR is useful for characterizing forest structure.However, in Mexico overall, there is a lack of application and utilization of these technologies due to the absence of updateddata and limited integration of AI. Investment in technological infrastructure and the promotion of collaboration betweeninstitutions are needed to overcome this gap and fully harness the potential of these tools in environmental decision-making.