Aplanktonic zones in the Red Sea

Fenton, M.M.; Geiselhart, S.; Rohling, Eelco J.; Hemleben, C.

doi:10.1016/s0377-8398(00)00042-6

Cited by 97 publications

(111 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Moreover, the aplanktonic LGM Red Sea conditions offer strong independent evidence that LGM sea level was lower than in the PGM. It formed under extreme salinities (S ¼~50 to~70) due to near-isolation of the Red Sea from the world ocean by the shallow Hanish Sill, Bab-elMandab Strait (~137 m deep, relative to an LGM global mean sealevel drop of~130 m); such extreme conditions were not reached during the PGM (Rohling et al, 1998;Fenton et al, 2000;Siddall et al, 2003). This implies either that: (a) the sill was uplifted between the PGM and LGM; and/or (b) sea level dropped more during the LGM than the PGM.…”

Section: Denton and Hughes 2002mentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences between the last two glacial maxima and implications for ice-sheet, δ18O, and sea-level reconstructions

Rohling

Hibbert

Williams

et al. 2017

Quaternary Science Reviews

115

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Arctic ice shelf Last Interglacial Glacioisostatic adjustment a b s t r a c t Studies of past glacial cycles yield critical information about climate and sea-level (ice-volume) variability, including the sensitivity of climate to radiative change, and impacts of crustal rebound on sealevel reconstructions for past interglacials. Here we identify significant differences between the last and penultimate glacial maxima (LGM and PGM) in terms of global volume and distribution of land ice, despite similar temperatures and radiative forcing. Our analysis challenges conventional views of relationships between global ice volume, sea level, seawater oxygen isotope values, and deep-sea temperature, and supports the potential presence of large floating Arctic ice shelves during the PGM. The existence of different glacial 'modes' calls for focussed research on the complex processes behind ice-age development. We present a glacioisostatic assessment to demonstrate how a different PGM ice-sheet configuration might affect sea-level estimates for the last interglacial. Results suggest that this may alter existing last interglacial sea-level estimates, which often use an LGM-like ice configuration, by several metres (likely upward).

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Section: Denton and Hughes 2002mentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences between the last two glacial maxima and implications for ice-sheet, δ18O, and sea-level reconstructions

Rohling

Hibbert

Williams

et al. 2017

Quaternary Science Reviews

115

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“…With reduced inflow from the Indian Ocean during periods of low sea level, salinity in the Red Sea was clearly high enough to inhibit plankton photosynthesis, at least at the maximum low sea-level stand, implying more extensive areas of marine desert than today (Hemleben et al, 1996;Fenton et al, 2000;Siddall et al, 2003). In the south, low sea levels would have reduced the extensive shallow areas of the continental shelf that form such an important nutrient supply and nursery ground for the modern fisheries, presumably with some corresponding reduction in marine productivity.…”

Section: Coastal Habitats and Marine Resourcesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Red Sea, Coastal Landscapes, and Hominin Dispersals

Bailey

2009

The Evolution of Human Populations in Arabia

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“…The foraminiferal fauna of the two cores ( Fig. 3) resembles that of the nearby core MD1017 (Fenton et al, 2000) and shows similarities to KL23 (Fig. 3, Schmelzer (1998); Geiselhart (1998)).…”

Section: Planktic Foraminiferal Analysesmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…The Red Sea is an ideal natural laboratory to investigate the interplay between sea-level rise and atmospheric forcing during and after terminations, due to its sensitivity to sea-level fluctuations (Winter et al, 1983;Locke and Thunell, 1988;Thunell et al, 1988;Rohling and Zachariasse, 1996;Rohling et al, 1998Rohling et al, , 2008aFenton et al, 2000;Siddall et al, 2003Siddall et al, , 2004 and to monsoon-driven oceanographic changes (Almogi-Labin et al, 1991;Hemleben et al, 1996;Biton et al, 2010;Trommer et al, 2010). The restricted connection to the Indian Ocean, the Strait of Bab-el-Mandeb in the south, and high evaporation rates over the entire basin determine the water exchange with the Gulf of Aden, which results in a characteristic circulation pattern and a strong gradient of environmental parameters along the basin axis (Weikert et al, 1987;.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the circulation and water exchange system are primarily dependent on sea level (Siddall et al, 2003(Siddall et al, , 2004Biton et al, 2008), the abundance of planktic foraminifera reflects in first instance salinity conditions (Winter et al, 1983;Locke and Thunell, 1988;Thunell et al, 1988;Fenton et al, 2000). The sea-level dependent recovery of the planktic fauna after termination I was investigated for several organism groups (Winter et al, 1983;Almogi-Labin et al, 1991;Legge et al, 2006;Trommer et al, 2010), and an analysis of the salinity sensitive planktic foraminifera revealed that sea level must have risen to less than 50-55 m below the presentday level to allow establishment of a "normal" marine plankton community .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sensitivity of Red Sea circulation to sea level and insolation forcing during the last interglacial

et al. 2011

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Abstract. This study investigates the response of Red Sea circulation to sea level and insolation changes during termination II and across the last interglacial, in comparison with termination I and the Holocene. Sediment cores from the central and northern part of the Red Sea were investigated by micropaleontological and geochemical proxies. The recovery of the planktic foraminiferal fauna following high salinities during marine isotopic stage (MIS) 6 took place at similar sea-level stand (∼50 m below present day), and with a similar species succession, as during termination I. This indicates a consistent sensitivity of the basin oceanography and the plankton ecology to sea-level forcing. Based on planktic foraminifera, we find that increased water exchange with the Gulf of Aden especially occurred during the sea-level highstand of interglacial MIS 5e. From MIS 6 to the peak of MIS 5e, northern Red Sea sea surface temperature (SST) increased from 21 • C to 25 • C, with about 3 • C of this increase taking place during termination II. Changes in planktic foraminiferal assemblages indicate that the development of the Red Sea oceanography during MIS 5 was strongly determined by insolation and monsoon strength. The SW Monsoon summer circulation mode was enhanced during the termination, causing low productivity in northern central Red Sea core KL9, marked by high abundance of G. sacculifer, which -as in the Holocene -followed summer insolation. Core KL11 records the northern tip of the intruding intermediate water layer from the Gulf of Aden and its planktic foraminifera fauna shows evidence for elevated productivity during the sea-level highstand in the southern central Red Sea. By the time of MIS 5 sea-level regression, elevated orCorrespondence to: G. Trommer (gabi.trommer@gmx.de) ganic biomarker BIT values suggest denudation of soil organic matter into the Red Sea and high abundances of G. glutinata, and high reconstructed chlorophyll-a values, indicate an intensified NE Monsoon winter circulation mode. Our results imply that the amplitude of insolation fluctuations, and the resulting monsoon strength, strongly influence the Red Sea oceanography during sea-level highstands by regulating the intensity of water exchange with the Gulf of Aden. These processes are responsible for the observation that MIS 5e/d is characterized by higher primary productivity than the Holocene.

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Aplanktonic zones in the Red Sea

Cited by 97 publications

References 48 publications

Differences between the last two glacial maxima and implications for ice-sheet, δ18O, and sea-level reconstructions

Differences between the last two glacial maxima and implications for ice-sheet, δ18O, and sea-level reconstructions

The Red Sea, Coastal Landscapes, and Hominin Dispersals

Sensitivity of Red Sea circulation to sea level and insolation forcing during the last interglacial

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