Apigenin Restricts FMDV Infection and Inhibits Viral IRES Driven Translational Activity

Abstract

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease of domestic and wild ruminants that is caused by FMD virus (FMDV). FMD outbreaks have occurred in livestock-containing regions worldwide. Apigenin, which is a flavonoid naturally existing in plant, possesses various pharmacological effects, including anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant and antiviral activities. Results show that apigenin can inhibit FMDV-mediated cytopathogenic effect and FMDV replication in vitro. Further studies demonstrate the following: (i) apigenin inhibits FMDV infection at the viral post-entry stage; (ii) apigenin does not exhibit direct extracellular virucidal activity; and (iii) apigenin interferes with the translational activity of FMDV driven by internal ribosome entry site. Studies on applying apigein in vivo are required for drug development and further identification of potential drug targets against FDMV infection.

Antiviral effect of phytochemicals from medicinal plants: Applications and drug delivery strategies

“…Apigenin (4′,5,7-trihydroxyflavone), an aglycone of the flavone class, is found in many plants and has broad antiviral activities against enterovirus-71 [63], foot and mouth disease virus [64], HCV [65], African swine fever virus (ASFV) [66], and influenza A virus [67]. Of note, many flavonoids of plant origin have known antiviral properties.…”

Preparation, characterization and antitumor activity evaluation of apigenin nanoparticles by the liquid antisolvent precipitation technique

“…Apigenin can exert antiinflammatory (Zhai et al, 2013;Zhang et al, 2013), antiviral (Qian et al, 2015;Zhao et al, 2016) and antioxidative effects (Kim et al, 2016;Telange et al, 2016), and can regulate differentiation of cells (Balasubramanian & Eckert, 2007) and so on. In addition, it also has an antiproliferative activity against liver, skin, pancreatic, neuroblastoma, breast, and colorectal cancer cell lines (Li et al, 2017) (Zhang et al, 2012;Ding et al, 2014).…”

Inhibition of Epstein-Barr virus reactivation by the flavonoid apigenin

“…As a large family of natural compounds, the flavonoids have been less well studied for their anti-virus functions. Among them, apigenin was reported to inhibit enterovirus-71 infection by disrupting viral RNA associated factors [39] and it also inhibits hepatitis C virus replication by decreasing microRNA122 [40] and restricts FMDV infection by inhibiting viral translational activity [41]. Moreover, although several flavonoids have been reported to have anti-EBV activity, these studies did not explore their inhibitory mechanisms and most such studies were made using the B cell system [42, 43].…”