Apigenin and<i>tt</i>-Farnesol with Fluoride Effects on<i>S. mutans</i>Biofilms and Dental Caries

Koo, Hyun; Schobel, B; Scott-Anne, Kathy; Watson, Gene E.; Bowen, William H.; Cury, Jaime Aparecido; Rosalen, Pedro Luiz; Park, Y.K.

doi:10.1177/154405910508401109

Cited by 160 publications

(230 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…For planktonic cells, cultures of S. mutans in UFTYE-G were harvested at late-exponential phase by centrifugation (10 000 g, 10 min, 4 ℃). For biofilm-cells, S. mutans biofilms were formed on saliva-coated hydroxyapatite (sHA) discs (2.93 cm 2 ; Clarkson Chromatography Products, Inc., South Williamsport, PA, USA) placed in a vertical position in 24-well plates containing UFTYE-S until 75 h (mature-phase) (Figure 1) [13][14]. Briefly, cells in suspensions (2 mg cell dry weight per mL) or S. mutans biofilms (5 mg biomass dry-weight per mL of which ~2 mg cell-weight) were initially washed with salt ) or vehicle control (15% ethanol + 2.5% DMSO, V/V).…”

Section: Proton Permeability Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Topical applications of tt-farnesol (1 min exposure, twice daily) diminished the EPS content and development of single-species S. mutans biofilms on saliva-coated hydroxyapatite (sHA) surfaces, and reduced the severity of smooth-surface caries in rats [10]. However, treatment is not lethal to S. mutans biofilms in vitro, did not inhibit glucosyltransferases activity, and tt-farnesol displayed minimal effects on the viability of the oral flora populations in vivo [10,[12][13]. It is possible that tt-farnesol may cause acid sensitization and affect intracellular metabolism of S. mutans by disrupting the bacterial membrane function due to its fatty acid-like structure and lipophilic characteristics [10,12]; consistent with reduction of IPS accumulation in S. mutans biofilms treated with tt-farnesol [11,13].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, treatment is not lethal to S. mutans biofilms in vitro, did not inhibit glucosyltransferases activity, and tt-farnesol displayed minimal effects on the viability of the oral flora populations in vivo [10,[12][13]. It is possible that tt-farnesol may cause acid sensitization and affect intracellular metabolism of S. mutans by disrupting the bacterial membrane function due to its fatty acid-like structure and lipophilic characteristics [10,12]; consistent with reduction of IPS accumulation in S. mutans biofilms treated with tt-farnesol [11,13]. We hypothesize that tt-farnesol can directly affect S. mutans physiology by damaging the cell-membrane, and thereby disrupt its ability to compete and become dominant in a mixed-species biofilm environment.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Influences of trans‐trans farnesol, a membrane‐targeting sesquiterpenoid, on Streptococcus mutans physiology and survival within mixed‐species oral biofilms

et al. 2011

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Trans-trans farnesol (tt-farnesol) is a bioactive sesquiterpene alcohol commonly found in propolis (a beehive product) and citrus fruits, which disrupts the ability of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) to form virulent biofilms. In this study, we investigated whether tt-farnesol affects cell-membrane function, acid production and/or acid tolerance by planktonic cells and biofilms of S. mutans UA159. Furthermore, the influence of the agent on S. mutans gene expression and ability to form biofilms in the presence of other oral bacteria (Streptococcus oralis (S. oralis) 35037 and Actinomyces naeslundii (A. naeslundii) 12104) was also examined. In general, tt-farnesol (1 mmol· L -1 ) significantly increased the membrane proton permeability and reduced glycolytic activity of S. mutans in the planktonic state and in biofilms (P<0.05). Moreover, topical applications of 1 mmol· L -1 tt-farnesol twice daily (1 min exposure/treatment) reduced biomass accumulation and prevented ecological shifts towards S. mutans dominance within mixed-species biofilms after introduction of 1% sucrose. S. oralis (a non-cariogenic organism) became the major species after treatments with tt-farnesol, whereas vehicle-treated biofilms contained mostly S. mutans (>90% of total bacterial population). However, the agent did not affect significantly the expression of S. mutans genes involved in acidogenicity, acid tolerance or polysaccharide synthesis in the treated biofilms. Our data indicate that tt-farnesol may affect the competitiveness of S. mutans in a mixed-species environment by primarily disrupting the membrane function and physiology of this bacterium. This naturally occurring terpenoid could be a potentially useful adjunctive agent to the current anti-biofilm/anti-caries chemotherapeutic strategies.

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Section: Proton Permeability Assaymentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influences of trans‐trans farnesol, a membrane‐targeting sesquiterpenoid, on Streptococcus mutans physiology and survival within mixed‐species oral biofilms

et al. 2011

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“…Farnesol has demonstrated to have antibiofilm effects by either preventing biofilm formation or attacking established biofilms. Farnesol inhibits or reduces biofilm formation by diverse microbial species, including Candida albicans, Streptococcus mutans and Staphylococcus aureus (10)(11)(12). This substance inhibits acid production and glucan synthesis by S. mutans in biofilms (12).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiofilm and Antibacterial Activities of Farnesol and Xylitol as Potential Endodontic Irrigants

et al. 2013

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This study investigated the antibiofilm and antibacterial effects of farnesol and xylitol in a series of experiments in order to evaluate their potential use as root canal irrigants. The following substances were tested: 0.2% farnesol; 5% and 20% xylitol; 0.2% farnesol plus 20% xylitol; and saline (control). For comparison with an established endodontic irrigant, 2.5% NaOCl was included in each test. Three experiments were conducted: the crystal violet assay, to evaluate the effects on the biofilm biomass; the dentin disinfection test, to evaluate the effects on bacterial viability in biofilms; and the root canal disinfection test, to simulate the use in the root canal environment. Farnesol was the most effective substance in reducing the biofilm biomass, followed by 20% xylitol. All substances affected bacterial viability in biofilms; farnesol showed the best results followed by the farnesol/ xylitol combination. Irrigation with all substances significantly reduced the bacterial load (p<0.001), but only the farnesol/xylitol combination was significantly more effective than saline (p=0.02). NaOCl was more effective than any other substance tested in the three experiments (p<0.001). The findings demonstrated that farnesol affected both the biofilm biomass and the viability of cells in the biofilm, while 20% xylitol affected only the biofilm biomass. Although not more effective than NaOCl, the combination of these two antibiofilm substances has potential to be used in endodontics in certain situations.

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“…In this regard, there are well-established in vivo models for S. mutans, including rat (Burne et al, 1996;Koo et al, 2005;Yamashita et al, 1993) and transgenic mouse caries models (Burne et al, 1996;Catalán et al, 2011;Culp et al, 2005;Yamashita et al, 1993), as well as rabbit and mouse models of infective endocarditis (Bahn et al, 1978;Paik et al, 2003). In fact, it was the pioneering work conducted in the 1950s and 60s using hamsters and gnotobiotic rats that established S. mutans as the principal aetiological agent of dental caries (Fitzgerald & Keyes, 1960;Orland et al, 1955;Zinner et al, 1965).…”

Section: S Mutans As a Model Organism Of Pathogenic Gram-positive Bamentioning

confidence: 99%

Streptococcus mutans: a new Gram-positive paradigm?

et al. 2013

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Despite the enormous contributions of the bacterial paradigms Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis to basic and applied research, it is well known that no single organism can be a perfect representative of all other species. However, given that some bacteria are difficult, or virtually impossible, to cultivate in the laboratory, that some are recalcitrant to genetic and molecular manipulation, and that others can be extremely dangerous to manipulate, the use of model organisms will continue to play an important role in the development of basic research. In particular, model organisms are very useful for providing a better understanding of the biology of closely related species. Here, we discuss how the lifestyle, the availability of suitable in vitro and in vivo systems, and a thorough understanding of the genetics, biochemistry and physiology of the dental pathogen Streptococcus mutans have greatly advanced our understanding of important areas in the field of bacteriology such as interspecies biofilms, competence development and stress responses. In this article, we provide an argument that places S. mutans, an organism that evolved in close association with the human host, as a novel Gram-positive model organism.Advances in the field of bacteriology have relied strongly on studies involving the bacterial paradigms Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. In both cases, a long history of laboratory research, ease of cultivation and genetic manipulation encouraged and provided the rationale for the emergence of these bacteria as model organisms. E. coli is a Gramnegative, non-sporulating bacterium that can be found freeliving, in water or soil, as well as associated with plants, insects, birds and mammals. It is the most studied prokaryotic organism and comprises a very heterogeneous group containing both pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains. In addition to serving as the Gram-negative model organism, laboratory strains of E. coli are extremely versatile and are the quintessential lab workhorses. Bacillus subtilis is a Gram-positive sporulating organism commonly found in soil, plants and, transiently, on the surface of animals. Strains of B. subtilis are not associated with humans and are not pathogenic, although some closely related Bacillus species such as Bacillus anthracis and Bacillus cereus are implicated in human disease (anthrax) and in food poisoning, respectively. Because the sporulation process occurs in simple well-defined stages, B. subtilis sporulation has served as a paradigm for bacterial development and differentiation studies. Like E. coli, B. subtilis is also easy to cultivate and highly amenable to genetic manipulation. The wealth of information derived from investigations of the biochemistry, physiology, genetics and developmental processes of E. coli and B. subtilis laid the foundation for, and at the same time provided guidance for, studies with other bacterial species. In addition to E. coli and B. subtilis, there are numerous other organisms that have served, in a more limited scope, a...

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Apigenin andtt-Farnesol with Fluoride Effects onS. mutansBiofilms and Dental Caries

Cited by 160 publications

References 25 publications

Influences of trans‐trans farnesol, a membrane‐targeting sesquiterpenoid, on Streptococcus mutans physiology and survival within mixed‐species oral biofilms

Influences of trans‐trans farnesol, a membrane‐targeting sesquiterpenoid, on Streptococcus mutans physiology and survival within mixed‐species oral biofilms

Antibiofilm and Antibacterial Activities of Farnesol and Xylitol as Potential Endodontic Irrigants

Streptococcus mutans: a new Gram-positive paradigm?

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