Apical structures of “mitochondria‐rich” α and β cells in euryhaline fish gill: Their behaviour in various living conditions

Pisam, M.; Moal, C. Le; Aupérin, Benoît; Prunet, Patrick; Rambourg, A.

doi:10.1002/ar.1092410104

Cited by 70 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…353) and contains distinct patterns of microvilli or microridges (586,590). However, in some species (e.g., tilapia, mangrove killifish, Rivulus marmoratus) apical crypts still exist (361,586,590,614). Although the basolateral tubular system still occurs in MRCs of freshwater teleosts, this structure appears to be less developed compared with seawater MRCs (e.g., Ref.…”

Section: The Gill Epitheliummentioning

confidence: 99%

The Multifunctional Fish Gill: Dominant Site of Gas Exchange, Osmoregulation, Acid-Base Regulation, and Excretion of Nitrogenous Waste

Evans¹,

Piermarini²,

Choe³

2005

Physiological Reviews

2,289

1,788

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The fish gill is a multipurpose organ that, in addition to providing for aquatic gas exchange, plays dominant roles in osmotic and ionic regulation, acid-base regulation, and excretion of nitrogenous wastes. Thus, despite the fact that all fish groups have functional kidneys, the gill epithelium is the site of many processes that are mediated by renal epithelia in terrestrial vertebrates. Indeed, many of the pathways that mediate these processes in mammalian renal epithelial are expressed in the gill, and many of the extrinsic and intrinsic modulators of these processes are also found in fish endocrine tissues and the gill itself. The basic patterns of gill physiology were outlined over a half century ago, but modern immunological and molecular techniques are bringing new insights into this complicated system. Nevertheless, substantial questions about the evolution of these mechanisms and control remain.

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Section: The Gill Epitheliummentioning

confidence: 99%

The Multifunctional Fish Gill: Dominant Site of Gas Exchange, Osmoregulation, Acid-Base Regulation, and Excretion of Nitrogenous Waste

Evans¹,

Piermarini²,

Choe³

2005

Physiological Reviews

2,289

1,788

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“…Two types of gill MRCs (␣ and ␤) that take part in ion regulation have been identified by Pisam and colleagues (1987Pisam and colleagues ( , 1995Pisam and colleagues ( , 2000 based on ultrastructural evidence, location, and sensitivity to environmental conditions. ␤-MRCs are positioned within the interlamellar region, and their numbers are dependent on the ionic concentration of the external medium, whereas ␣-MRCs are located at the base of respiratory lamellae, and their numbers are not sensitive to environmental change (Pisam et al, 1987(Pisam et al, , 1995. Although we did not investigate the ultrastructural characteristics of MRCs in this study, it appears that the ␣5 antibody labeled both ␣-and ␤-MRCs in the zebrafish gill, as evidenced by their respective location and the migration of ␤-MRCs to the respiratory lamellae following exposure to ion-poor water.…”

Section: Distribution Of Mrcs In Zebrafish Epitheliamentioning

confidence: 99%

Epithelial mitochondria-rich cells and associated innervation in adult and developing zebrafish

Jonz

Nurse

2006

J. Comp. Neurol.

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Studies of ion regulation by mitochondria-rich cells (MRCs) of transport epithelia in fish have revealed many processes by which ion homeostasis is achieved. However, the control of these mechanisms and, particularly, the extent of nervous system involvement are not completely understood. We characterized the potential innervation of MRCs in various gill and extrabranchial tissues involved in ion transport in the model vertebrate the zebrafish. Confocal and conventional microscopy of whole-mount preparations were combined with immunofluorescence techniques to label MRCs with antibodies against a subunit of the enzyme Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase and nerve fibers with a zebrafish neuronal marker, zn-12. MRCs of the gill filaments were identified by their morphology and migration out to the lamellae in response to ion-poor water acclimation. Gill MRCs were intimately associated with nerve fibers originating from outside the filaments. MRCs of the opercular epithelium resembled those of the gill and were also located adjacent to nerve fibers. Mitochondria-rich "pseudobranch cells" were identified in the pseudobranch by immunofluorescence and labeling of dissociated cells with the mitochondrial marker DASPEI. Pseudobranch MRCs resembled gill MRCs and received innervation from a dense network of nerve fibers. In larvae, MRCs were distributed across the surface of the skin. These cells were situated among a dense network of varicose nerve fibers, and some MRCs of the skin displayed extensive cytoplasmic processes. Evidence is presented suggestive of widespread association of MRCs with the nervous system in transport epithelia and the neural control of MRC-mediated ion regulation in teleost fish.

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“…Pisam and colleagues (Pisam et al, 1987) identified two types of MR cells, α and β cells, in gills of several species acclimated to FW based on the transmission electron microscopic ultrastructure and the location in gill filaments. By examining the effects of environmental salinity or ion levels and exogenous hormones on the density of α and β MR cells (Pisam et al, 1993), β MR cells were suggested to be associated with Ca 2+ uptake while α MR cells exerted dual functions: Cl -secretion in SW and Na + uptake in FW (Pisam et al, 1993;Pisam et al, 1995), but no ion-influx data are available to support their inference. Hwang's group classified three subtypes of MR cells, wavy-convex, shallow-basin and deep-hole types, in FW tilapia gills according to the morphologies of the apical openings (Lee et al, 1996), and subsequent physiological studies suggested roles for the three types of cells in Cl -uptake, Ca 2+ uptake and Cl -secretion, respectively, based on the correlations between the gill cell density of the three ionocyte types and ion (Na + , Cl -and Ca 2+ ) influxes (Tsai and Hwang, 1998;Chang et al, 2001;Chang et al, 2003).…”

Section: Comparison Of Ionocytes Between Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ion uptake and acid secretion in zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Hwang

2009

Journal of Experimental Biology

167

165

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SummaryTransepithelial transport is one of the major processes involved in the mechanism of homeostasis of body fluids in vertebrates including fish. The current models of ion regulation in fish gill ionocytes have been proposed mainly based on studies in traditional model species like salmon, trout, tilapia, eel and killifish, but the mechanisms are still being debated due to the lack of convincing molecular physiological evidence. Taking advantage of plentiful genetic databases for zebrafish, we studied the molecular/cellular mechanisms of ion regulation in fish skin/gills. In our recently proposed model, there are at least three subtypes of ionocytes in zebrafish skin/gills: Na + -K + -ATPase-rich (NaR), Na + -Cl -cotransporter (NCC) and H + -ATPase-rich (HR) cells. Specific isoforms of transporters and enzymes have been identified as being expressed by these ionocytes: zECaC, zPMCA2 and zNCX1b by NaR cells; zNCC gill form by NCC cells; and zH + -ATPase, zNHE3b, zCA2-like a and zCA15a by HR cells. Serial molecular physiological experiments demonstrated the distinct roles of these ionocytes in the transport of various ions: HR, NaR and NCC cells are respectively responsible for acid secretion/Na + uptake, Ca 2+ uptake and Cl -uptake. The expression, regulation and function of transporters in HR and NaR cells are much better understood than those in NCC cells. The basolateral transport pathways in HR and NCC cells are still unclear, and the driving forces for the operations of apical NHE and NCC are another unresolved issue. Studies on zebrafish skin/gill ionocytes are providing new insights into fish ion-regulatory mechanisms, but the zebrafish model cannot simply be applied to other species because of species differences and a lack of sufficient molecular physiological evidence in other species.

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Apical structures of “mitochondria‐rich” α and β cells in euryhaline fish gill: Their behaviour in various living conditions

Abstract: The alpha cells which are usually thought to be mainly involved in chloride excretion when fishes are transferred into seawater might also be implicated in sodium uptake in freshwater living conditions. The rôle of beta cells, in contrast, still remains to be established.

Cited by 70 publications

References 27 publications

The Multifunctional Fish Gill: Dominant Site of Gas Exchange, Osmoregulation, Acid-Base Regulation, and Excretion of Nitrogenous Waste

The Multifunctional Fish Gill: Dominant Site of Gas Exchange, Osmoregulation, Acid-Base Regulation, and Excretion of Nitrogenous Waste

Epithelial mitochondria-rich cells and associated innervation in adult and developing zebrafish

Ion uptake and acid secretion in zebrafish (Danio rerio)

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