Apical capping as a new technique for retrograde treatment of an infected root apex: Introduction and first results

Virtual dental surgery as a new educational tool in dental school

“…The virtual environment of the Voxel-Man simulator, that was first introduced in virtual surgery of the middle ear (Leuwer et al, 2001;Jackson et al, 2002), has been adapted to the field of dental surgery and was found to be very realistic by several experts (Heiland et al, 2004). To assess application of the simulator to dentistry, virtual apicectomies were chosen as the pilot-test model because this procedure is performed frequently in routine dental therapy (Gaggl et al, 2007;Pitak-Arnnop et al, 2010) and it is suitable for simulation. Tooth extraction or surgical removal, although the most commonly performed surgical procedures in dentistry, could not be reproduced with this model because the complex movements and the resulting forces cannot currently be adequately simulated.…”