Apical Ballooning Syndrome Associated With Isolated Severe Hyponatremia: Case Report and Suggested Pathophysiology

Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy in the Setting of Severe Hyponatremia and Beer Potomania: A Case report and Review of Literature

“…[22] There are a few case reports of TC in the setting of moderate to severe hyponatremia described in the body of literature. [10,12,[30][31][32][33] Hyponatremia has not been thought to be linked to Takotsubo cardiomyopathy but perhaps may have an indirect causal relationship. The prevailing theory of this indirect causal relationship is a stress induced catecholamine storm causing a direct toxic effect on the myocardium or indirect effect by coronary vasculature constriction.…”