Apiaceae seed production.

Spurr, C; Lucas, Amy M.

doi:10.1079/9781789240955.0018

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Carrots (Daucus carota L.) are an important commercial crop, for which it has been established that pollination limitation is a major contributor to low seed yields and multiple studies have shown that the pollination rates of hybrid varieties are lower than in open-pollinated (OP) varieties. , Compared to alternative pollinators, − as for most crops, honey bees remain the most effective pollinators of hybrid carrots . Thus, the hybrid carrots represent a suitable model for investigating variables that negatively affect pollination success in honey bee-pollinated cropping systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical Pollination Chemistry: Specific Sesquiterpene Floral Volatiles in Carrot Inhibit Honey Bee Feeding

Quarrell,

Weinstein,

Hannah

et al. 2023

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Many plants rely on insect pollination, yet numerous agricultural plant-breeding programs focus on traits that appeal to growers and consumers instead of pollinators, leading to declining pollinator attraction and crop yields. Using hybrid carrot seed production as a model, we investigated low-yielding carrot varieties by analyzing sugars and minerals in nectar and floral volatile composition. While the analysis of nectar sugars and minerals did not reveal any key differences between the carrot varieties, differences between the 112 detected volatiles in 23 samples were observed. Numerous differentiating sesquiterpenes were identified in floral solvent extracts, and subsequent behavioral assays showed that β-ocimene from higher-yielding carrot varieties stimulated nectar feeding (attractant), while α- and β-selinene from lower-yielding lines decreased feeding (deterrents). Sesquiterpenes have previously been implicated in plant defense, suggesting a trade-off between pollination and protection. Our results highlight the importance of volatiles as regulators of pollinator attraction in agricultural settings.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Critical Pollination Chemistry: Specific Sesquiterpene Floral Volatiles in Carrot Inhibit Honey Bee Feeding

Quarrell,

Weinstein,

Hannah

et al. 2023

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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“…In these varieties, pollen is transferred between lines by insect pollinators. However, such systems commonly rely on interspersed rows of unattractive crop lines and frequent use of pesticides during flowering (Broussard et al, 2017; Cook et al, 2020; Mas et al, 2018; Spurr, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Traditionally, seed crops have been planted in areas that are geographically isolated from other carrot crops to ensure genetic contamination is minimised from other varieties (Broussard et al, 2017; Gaffney et al, 2019; TIA, 2012). This practice has now been expanded to select increasingly isolated sites, which have minimal alternative forage including flowering weeds or native species (Gaffney et al, 2019; Spurr, 2003; TIA, 2012). Although this is thought to maintain higher levels of crop visitation by reducing alternative floral options, it places the bees in barren locations, with limited vegetation and exposure to extreme environmental conditions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Potential cropping stressors are further increased by the requirement of insecticide and fungicide applications (Cook et al, 2020; Prado et al, 2018). This is a necessity for carrot production in Australia due to a sap sucking insect, the rutherglen bug, Nysius vinitor , which commonly infests carrot crops during flowering and seed set (Gaffney et al, 2011; Spurr, 2003). To control the rutherglen bug, weekly nighttime applications of UV degradable insecticides such as tau ‐fluvalinate and α‐cypermethrin are sprayed on the crops (Gaffney et al, 2011; Spurr, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of isolated and unattractive crops on honeybee foraging: A case study using radio frequency identification and hybrid carrot seed crops

Warren,

Colin,

Quarrell

et al. 2023

Agri and Forest Entomology

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Hybrid vegetable varieties have become essential for global agricultural production, offering key advantages for yield, quality and disease resistance. The production of hybrid seeds is however limited by pollination challenges, with these systems commonly associated with unattractive and low‐quality floral resources, isolated growing environments and frequent insecticide applications. Here, we utilise commercial carrot seed crops to investigate the impact of hybrid pollination on the behaviour of the honey bee (Apis mellifera). Six full‐strength bee colonies were equipped with solar powered radio frequency identification systems and over 900 tagged bees per season. These colonies were deployed to commercial hybrid seed crops over two consecutive seasons. The colonies were allocated to either an on‐crop or off‐crop group. Individual bees were autonomously monitored for the pollination period to assess key parameters such as survival, age at foraging and the number and duration of orientation and foraging trips. Hybrid carrots were found to have a significant impact on bee foraging behaviour. Bees situated on the carrot crop undertook less frequent yet longer foraging trips, resulting in less total time outside of the colony compared to off‐crop bees. However, bees placed in carrot fields survived to an older age, orientated successfully, became foragers later and collected more pollen by weight, despite only 2% originating from carrot. We hope that the improved behavioural understanding can be utilised to enhance both pollinator health and hybrid seed production globally.

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“…Within the vegetable seed industry, Apiaceae seed crops such as carrot, celery and fennel are economically important, hence the numerous research and innovative breeding programmes that enable the development of new hybrid varieties every year (Li et al ., 2020; Spurr and Lucas, 2020; Chappell and Dunford, 2021; Palumbo et al ., 2021). Bringing these new varieties to the market can take 5–10 years and implies extensive use of managed pollinators in order to meet the commercial yield and quality requirements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pollination by the hoverflyEristalinus aeneus(Diptera: Syrphidae) in two hybrid seed crops: celery and fennel (Apiaceae)

Sánchez¹,

Belliure²,

Montserrat³

et al. 2022

J. Agric. Sci.

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Hybrid seed production often relies on managed pollinators whose use in isolation cages can pose challenges. Here, we evaluated the pollination ability of the novel managed pollinator Eristalinus aeneus (Diptera: Syrphidae) in hybrid celery and fennel seed crops. During trials performed in 2019–2020 in Cordoba, Spain, we compared seed production with hoverflies released at high and low densities (40–20 ind./m2), and without released pollinators. In celery, we included a treatment with Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae), a blowfly used for seed production (375 ind./m2). The production of celery seeds when E. aeneus were released at high density was significantly higher (+49%) than without released pollinators, for both sterile and fertile plant genotypes; no significant differences were found between the two hoverfly densities and the blowfly treatments. In fennel, seed yield of fertile plants with high density of hoverflies was higher than with low density (+149%), or without released pollinators (+168%); whereas for sterile plants no differences were found between treatments. In both crops and plant genotypes, the highest pollen adhesion to stigmas (number of pollen grains and proportion of flowers with pollen adhered in two stigmas) was obtained with hoverflies at high density. In celery, pollen adhesion was higher with high density of hoverflies than with blowflies for both plant genotypes, despite the considerably lower numbers of released hoverflies. Our results suggest that E. aeneus is a more efficient pollinator of celery than L. sericata, and that it has the potential to effectively pollinate other hybrid Apiaceae seed crops like fennel.

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Apiaceae seed production.

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Critical Pollination Chemistry: Specific Sesquiterpene Floral Volatiles in Carrot Inhibit Honey Bee Feeding

Critical Pollination Chemistry: Specific Sesquiterpene Floral Volatiles in Carrot Inhibit Honey Bee Feeding

Impact of isolated and unattractive crops on honeybee foraging: A case study using radio frequency identification and hybrid carrot seed crops

Pollination by the hoverflyEristalinus aeneus(Diptera: Syrphidae) in two hybrid seed crops: celery and fennel (Apiaceae)

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