Aphids transform and detoxify the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol via a type II biotransformation mechanism yet unknown in animals

Zutter, Nathalie De; Audenaert, Kris; Arroyo‐Manzanares, Natalia; Boevre, Marthe De; Poucke, Christof Van; Saeger, Sarah De; Haesaert, Geert; Smagghe, Guy

doi:10.1038/srep38640

Cited by 19 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…While many studies report novel structural/chemical modifications that render mycotoxins less toxic [ 116 , 117 , 118 , 119 ], the final use of any biological detoxification method is dependent on providing empirical evidence for this claim. Furthermore, some country/state regulatory agencies have set up rigid parameters for the assessment of the safety and efficacy of any developed detoxification product, which need to be addressed accordingly before the registration of that product.…”

Section: Strategies and Methodologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies and Methodologies for Developing Microbial Detoxification Systems to Mitigate Mycotoxins

Zhu

Hassan

Lepp

et al. 2017

Toxins

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Mycotoxins, the secondary metabolites of mycotoxigenic fungi, have been found in almost all agricultural commodities worldwide, causing enormous economic losses in livestock production and severe human health problems. Compared to traditional physical adsorption and chemical reactions, interest in biological detoxification methods that are environmentally sound, safe and highly efficient has seen a significant increase in recent years. However, researchers in this field have been facing tremendous unexpected challenges and are eager to find solutions. This review summarizes and assesses the research strategies and methodologies in each phase of the development of microbiological solutions for mycotoxin mitigation. These include screening of functional microbial consortia from natural samples, isolation and identification of single colonies with biotransformation activity, investigation of the physiological characteristics of isolated strains, identification and assessment of the toxicities of biotransformation products, purification of functional enzymes and the application of mycotoxin decontamination to feed/food production. A full understanding and appropriate application of this tool box should be helpful towards the development of novel microbiological solutions on mycotoxin detoxification.

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Section: Strategies and Methodologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strategies and Methodologies for Developing Microbial Detoxification Systems to Mitigate Mycotoxins

Zhu

Hassan

Lepp

et al. 2017

Toxins

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“…It is also appropriate to mention the first report on the potential biosynthesis of DON-3Glc from DON in the animal kingdom, by the English grain aphid ( Sitobion avenae ), which co-exists with a DON-producing organism ( F. graminearum ) during development of Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) in wheat [ 35 ]. In addition, a correlation between the susceptibility of field grain to FHB and the DON-3Glc/DON ratio in agricultural crop was found [ 36 ].…”

Section: Mycotoxin Metabolismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modified Fusarium Mycotoxins in Cereals and Their Products—Metabolism, Occurrence, and Toxicity: An Updated Review

et al. 2018

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Mycotoxins are secondary fungal metabolites, toxic to humans, animals and plants. Under the influence of various factors, mycotoxins may undergo modifications of their chemical structure. One of the methods of mycotoxin modification is a transformation occurring in plant cells or under the influence of fungal enzymes. This paper reviews the current knowledge on the natural occurrence of the most important trichothecenes and zearalenone in cereals/cereal products, their metabolism, and the potential toxicity of the metabolites. Only very limited data are available for the majority of the identified mycotoxins. Most studies concern biologically modified trichothecenes, mainly deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside, which is less toxic than its parent compound (deoxynivalenol). It is resistant to the digestion processes within the gastrointestinal tract and is not absorbed by the intestinal epithelium; however, it may be hydrolysed to free deoxynivalenol or deepoxy-deoxynivalenol by the intestinal microflora. Only one zearalenone derivative, zearalenone-14-glucoside, has been extensively studied. It appears to be more reactive than deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside. It may be readily hydrolysed to free zearalenone, and the carbonyl group in its molecule may be easily reduced to α/β-zearalenol and/or other unspecified metabolites. Other derivatives of deoxynivalenol and zearalenone are poorly characterised. Moreover, other derivatives such as glycosides of T-2 and HT-2 toxins have only recently been investigated; thus, the data related to their toxicological profile and occurrence are sporadic. The topics described in this study are crucial to ensure food and feed safety, which will be assisted by the provision of widespread access to such studies and obtained results.

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“…Surprisingly, some aphid species have been documented to transform and detoxify mycotoxins produced by Fusarium (i.e. trichothecene deoxynivalenol (DON); De Zutter et al, 2016). In a similar way, other insect species might have biochemical pathways to detoxify mycotoxins (Camenzuli et al, 2018).…”

Section: Fungi Mycotoxins Yeasts and Mouldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel foods: a risk profile for the house cricket (Acheta domesticus)

Fernández-Cassi¹,

Supeanu²,

Jansson³

et al. 2018

EFS2

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Novel foods could represent a sustainable alternative to traditional farming and conventional foodstuffs. Starting in 2018, Regulation (EU) 2283/2015 entered into force, laying down provisions for the approval of novel foods in Europe, including insects. This Approved Regulation establishes the requirements that enable Food Business Operators to bring new foods into the EU market, while ensuring high levels of food safety for European consumers. The present risk profile tackles the hazards for one of the most promising novel food insects, the house cricket (Acheta domesticus). The risk profile envisages a closed A. domesticus crickets rearing system, under Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) and good farming practices (GFP), in contrast with open cricket farms. The methodology used involves screening the literature and identifying possible hazards, followed by adding relevant inclusion criteria for the evidence obtained. These criteria include animal health and food safety aspects, for the entire lifespan of crickets, based on the farm to fork One Health principle. When data were scarce, comparative evidence from close relatives of the Orthoptera genus was used (e.g. grasshoppers, locusts and other cricket species). Nevertheless, significant data gaps in animal health and food safety are present. Even if HACCP‐type systems are implemented, the risk profile identifies the following considerable concerns: (1) high total aerobic bacterial counts; (2) survival of spore‐forming bacteria following thermal processing; (3) allergenicity of insects and insect‐derived products; and (4) the bioaccumulation of heavy metals (e.g. cadmium). Other hazards like parasites, fungi, viruses, prions, antimicrobial resistance and toxins are ranked as low risk. For some hazards, a need for additional evidence is highlighted.

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Aphids transform and detoxify the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol via a type II biotransformation mechanism yet unknown in animals

Cited by 19 publications

References 61 publications

Strategies and Methodologies for Developing Microbial Detoxification Systems to Mitigate Mycotoxins

Strategies and Methodologies for Developing Microbial Detoxification Systems to Mitigate Mycotoxins

Modified Fusarium Mycotoxins in Cereals and Their Products—Metabolism, Occurrence, and Toxicity: An Updated Review

Novel foods: a risk profile for the house cricket (Acheta domesticus)

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