Apheresis donors and platelet function: inherent platelet responsiveness influences platelet quality

Garner, Stephen F.; Jones, Chris I.; Stephens, Jonathan; Burns, Philippa; Walton, J.; Bernard, A.; Angenent, W.; Ouwehand, Willem H.; Goodall, Alison H.

doi:10.1111/j.1537-2995.2007.01591.x

Cited by 22 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Unfortunately, it is unknown to which extent CD40L synthesis can also occur by this pathway, and if there is an influence of storage duration on it. However, it was shown that platelet activation and 'platelet storage lesion' are influenced by individual preconditions of the donors [35,36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Determination of thromboxane formation, soluble CD40L release and thrombopoietin clearance in apheresis platelet concentrates

Wenzel¹,

Baertl²,

Hohlfeld³

et al. 2011

Platelets

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All deleterious changes in platelet morphology, structure and function that occur in platelet concentrates (PC) during storage are titled as the 'platelet storage lesion'. No single in vitro test currently available is sufficient in assessing these changes of platelet quality. The release of soluble CD40 Ligand (sCD40L), the formation of thromboxane (TXB2) and the thrombopoietin (TPO) clearance reflect different aspects of platelet metabolism and activitiy, and were used to examine platelet quality in apheresis platelet products. At days 1, 3 and 5, in single-donor apheresis platelet products (n = 10) under routine storage conditions, sCD40L (measured by ELISA) and TXB2 (measured by RIA) were determined after platelet stimulation (recalcification and clot formation). TPO (measured by ELISA) was determined after an incubation time of 5 h at 37°C with platelet-rich plasma (adjusted initial TPO concentration of about 500 pg/mL). Results were related to a therapeutic unit (TU = 2 × 10(11) platelets). Immediately after platelet preparation, sCD40L release was 41 ± 7.6 ng/TU, TXB2 formation 1688 ± 374 ng/TU and TPO clearance 1.22 ± 0.32 ng/h/TU. At days 1, 3 and 5, sCD40L was reduced to 89 ± 7%, 71 ± 12% and 57 ± 9%, TXB2 release to 91 ± 6%, 74 ± 12% and 58 ± 9% and TPO clearance to 90 ± 15%, 84 ± 5% and 79 ± 10% of the respective control values. In conclusion, in single-donor apheresis PC, sCD40L release and TXB2 formation as well as TPO clearance by the platelets were dependent on storage duration and reduced to about 60% to 80% of the respective control values after a storage period for 5 days. These findings are in line with literature data, indicating that a loss of platelet functionality of about 30% will occur after 5 days of storage.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Determination of thromboxane formation, soluble CD40L release and thrombopoietin clearance in apheresis platelet concentrates

Wenzel¹,

Baertl²,

Hohlfeld³

et al. 2011

Platelets

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show abstract

“…Unfortunately, it is not examined to which content CD40L synthesis can also occur by this pathway, and if there is an influence of storage duration on it. But it was shown that platelet activation and "platelet storage lesion" are influenced by individual preconditions of the donors [14,17] and that interactions with thromboxane can influence sCD40L expression [13].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of soluble CD40L concentrations and release capacities in apheresis and prestorage pooled platelet concentrates

Wenzel¹,

Günther

Baertl

et al. 2011

Clinical Hemorheology and Microcirculation

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Introduction: Soluble CD40L (sCD40L) is expressed by platelets and is involved in the stabilization of arterial thrombi. Additionally, it was shown that sCD40L accumulation occurred in stored blood products triggering adverse transfusion reactions like TRALI. To study the influence of the preparation technique on sCD40L accumulation and platelet function we examined CD40L concentrations in prestorage pooled platelet concentrates compared to apheresis products. In addition, sCD40L release capacity was determined as a marker for platelet viability.Material and methods: sCD40L concentrations were determined in prestorage pooled platelet concentrates (n = 8) and in platelet apheresis concentrates (n = 8) before and after platelet stimulation (recalcification and clot formation) at day 1, 3 and 5 under routine storage conditions. sCD40L concentrations were determined by a commercially available ELISA kit.Results: sCD40L concentrations in storage medium increased over time in prestorage pooled platelet concentrates (from 1,185 pg/mL ± 87 pg/mL at day 1 to 4,464 pg/mL ± 212 pg/mL at day 5) as well as in apheresis products (from 581 pg/ mL ± 124 pg/mL at day 1 to 2,718 pg/mL ± 154 pg/mL at day 5) in a hyperbolic manner. Recalcification and clot formation caused an increase in sCD40L concentrations (for example 3,842 pg/mL ± 769 pg/mL before platelet activation to 31,219 pg/mL ± 2,063 pg/mL after platelet activation at day 3), and we observed comparable release capacities for both preparation techniques, however, decreasing over storage time up to 50% (day 5) of the respective control value (day 1).Conclusions: Amounts of sCD40L accumulation and release capacity during storage of platelet concentrates were dependent on storage duration, but showed no relevant differences regarding the preparation technique. After 5 days of storage, CD40L basal levels were increased, in contrast sCD40L release capacity was decreased. By recalcification and clot formation sCD40L release capacity could be easily induced and is assumed to be used as a marker for platelet viability.

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“…Recent studies have highlighted the range and consistence of interindividual variation in the PLT response [20], but little is known about the effect of apheresis on donors' PLTs. Today, platelet concentrates are generally produced from whole blood by differential centrifugation (pooled buffy coat-derived platelet concentrates -PCs) or by apheresis (apheresisderived platelet concentrates -APCs).…”

Section: Immature Platelets In Donors 55mentioning

confidence: 99%

Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining of immature platelets in donors

Pogorelov¹,

Beskorovainova²,

Chanieva³

et al. 2011

Platelets

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Glycogen in platelets (PLTs) on smears of peripheral blood of 40 donors was investigated by the periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) method. Three groups were formed. Group 1 was consisted of 21 men undergoing the donor selection procedure. Additionally, 9 first-time donors undergoing plateletpheresis (Group 2) and 10 donors who frequently underwent platelet apheresis (Group 3) were studied as a model of relative thrombocytopenia. Cell sizes were measured with the use of a Image Analyzer "ASPBC" (Russia). The training procedure and classification of PAS-blood PLTs were made on the basis of expert evaluation. In this article, we have established three facts. First, the PAS-positive PLT area was larger than that of the PAS-negative cells (9.5 ± 3.6 sq.mkm vs. 3.9 ± 1.3 sq.mkm, p < 0.001, n = 21). The PAS-positivity of PLTs was 23.1 ± 9.2%. Second, the PAS-positivity correlated (r(S) = 0.63, p < 0.05) with the immature platelets fraction (IPF %), determined using Sysmex XE-2100. The mean IPF was 2.1 ± 1.0% (range 0.3-4.6%). Third, using the IPF% values obtained in Group 1, we found a significantly higher level of IPF in the samples both in Group 2 [mean value 4.2 ± 2.0% (range 1.9-7.0), p < 0.01] and in Group 3 [mean value 5.1 ± 2.5% (range 1.2-8.6), p < 0.004] with relative thrombocytopenia [Group 2: median 198 (95% confidence interval, CI 166-227) vs. median 229 (95% CI 206-267), p < 0.05; Group 3: median 142.5 (95% CI 132-173) vs. median 214.5 (95% CI 196-267), p < 0.01] after plateletpheresis. There was also a significant difference between the pre- and post-plateletpheresis for IPF% in Group 2 and Group 3: median 1.7 (95% CI 1.4-4.0) vs. median 4.0 (95% CI 2.7-5.8), p < 0.05 and median 4.0 (95% CI 2.7-6.0) vs. median 5.1 (95% CI 3.3-6.9), p < 0.01. The increased IPF shows a correlation with the PAS positivity [r(S) = 0.5 (p = 0.14) and r(S) = 0.6 (p = 0.05)] which has a tendency to increase [Group 2: median PAS 24.3% (95% CI 14.8-26.2) vs. median PAS 30% (95% CI 21.6-34.2), p = 0.05 and Group 3: median PAS 31% (95% CI 19-36.4) vs. median PAS 27.4% (95% CI 18.7-34.9), p = 0.35] and correlated negatively with the decrease in the platelet count [Group 2: r(S) = -0.7 (p = 0.21) and Group 3: r(S) = -0.5 (p = 0.14)]. Our findings support the significance of platelet evaluation by light microscopy to understand why morphologic changes of thrombocytopoiesis may be expected in thrombocytopenia due to donation of platelets.

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Apheresis donors and platelet function: inherent platelet responsiveness influences platelet quality

Abstract: The most activated apheresis PLTs were obtained from donors with more responsive PLTs. Regular apheresis, however, does not lead to PLT activation in the donors.

Cited by 22 publications

References 39 publications

Determination of thromboxane formation, soluble CD40L release and thrombopoietin clearance in apheresis platelet concentrates

Determination of thromboxane formation, soluble CD40L release and thrombopoietin clearance in apheresis platelet concentrates

Comparison of soluble CD40L concentrations and release capacities in apheresis and prestorage pooled platelet concentrates

Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) staining of immature platelets in donors

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