APFIM and TEM studies of drawn pearlitic wire

Read, H.G.; Reynolds, W. T.; Hono, K.; Tarui, Toshimi

doi:10.1016/s1359-6462(97)00223-6

Cited by 115 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The first concept is related to the fact that carbon dissolves from pearlitic cementite by severe working such as cold drawing and excessive carbon higher than the equilibrium content exists in ferrite. 23,24) It would cause retardation of recovery, recrystallization and grain growth. In addition, carbon dissolution becomes more considerable with increasing strain.…”

Section: Annealed Statementioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrafine Grained Low Carbon Steels Fabricated by Equal Channel Angular Pressing: Microstructures and Tensile Properties.

et al. 2002

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Equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) was conducted on the two grades of low carbon steel, with or without vanadium, in order to produce an ultarfine grained structure. As a result, the ferrite grains were refined from 30 mm to 0.2ϳ0.3 mm. The strength of the ECAPed steels increased remarkably, over twice of the strength of the steels before ECAP. A series of static annealing experiments showed that the increment of ECAP strain and the dilute addition of microalloying element such as vanadium were very effective on enhancing thermal stability of the ultrafine gained low carbon steels produced by ECAP in terms of microstructure and tensile properties. This enhanced thermal stability resulted from; (a) presence of excessive carbon content in the ferrite matrix by carbon dissolution from pearlitic cementite during ECAP; (b) preservation of high dislocation density due to addition of vanadium, providing the effective diffusion path for dissolved carbon atoms; (c) precipitation of excessive carbon as the form of nano-sized cementite particles during subsequent annealing and its effect on suppressing grain growth.

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Section: Annealed Statementioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrafine Grained Low Carbon Steels Fabricated by Equal Channel Angular Pressing: Microstructures and Tensile Properties.

et al. 2002

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“…20) Cementite dissolution during wire drawing is an attractive topic and studied by many researchers. [20][21][22][23][24] The nanocrystallization of pearlite and spheroidite steels has been investigated by ball milling. 25,26) The comparison of * Doing this research work in the Department of Production Systems Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi 441-8580, Japan.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of the Characteristics of Nanocrystalline Ferrite in Fe-0.89C Steels with Pearlite and Spheroidite Structure Produced by Ball Milling

Umemoto

Tsuchiya

2002

Mater. Trans.

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Nanocrystalline ferrite formation by ball milling in Fe-0.89C steels with initial pearlite and spheroidite microstructures and their annealing behaviors have been studied through microstructural observation and microhardness measurement. It was found that nanocrystalline ferrite first forms near the surface of powders due to localized severe deformation. The microhardness of nanocrystalline ferrite regions is much higher than that of work-hardening regions. The dissolution of cementite was observed together with the nanocrystallization of ferrite. The nanocrystallization rate of pearlite powder is faster than that of spheroidite powder due to higher work-hardening rate and smaller cementite size. After long time ball milling, the equiaxed nanocrystalline ferrite with less than 10 nm grain size forms in the whole powders of both pearlite and spheroidite structures, and the cementite dissolves completely. By annealing the milled pearlite and spheroidite powders, recrystallization was observed in the work-hardening regions, while continuous grain growth was observed in the nanocrystalline ferrite region. After annealing, microhardness of the former nanocrystalline ferrite region is always higher than that of the former work-hardening region when compared at the same annealing condition. The grain growth rate of nanocrystalline ferrite produced from pearlite structure is lower than that of spheroidite structure due to the finer grains.

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“…However, recent TEM or AP-FIM (atom probe field ion microscopy) studies reported that q lamellae change to nanocrystals and the dissolution of q in a occurs during heavy cold drawing. [16][17][18][19][20] Such dissolution of q during cold drawing was also pointed out by means of Mössbauer spectroscopy. 3,[21][22][23] In fact, the present authors also observed the nanocrystalline q formed by heavy cold rolling.…”

Section: The Strengthening Of Pearlite By Cold Rollingmentioning

confidence: 74%

Effect of Mn and Si Addition on Microstructure and Tensile Properties of Cold-rolled and Annealed Pearlite in Eutectoid Fe-C Alloys

Maki

2004

ISIJ International

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The microstructures and tensile properties of cold-rolled and annealed pearlite in Fe-0.8mass%C alloys with various contents of Mn and Si were investigated. With the addition of Mn and Si, the tensile strength (TS) and yield strength (YS) of cold-rolled and annealed pearlite were vastly improved, but its effect on ductility of the cold-rolled pearlite is negligible. The addition of Si is quite effective in improving the ductility of coldrolled and annealed pearlite, especially when the strength is at a higher level, i.e., lower annealing temperature or shorter annealing period. The optimal tensile properties in the alloys with Mn or Si were obtained after annealing at 723 K for short annealing periods (30 to 120 s). The combined addition of Mn and Si is more effective in improving the tensile properties of cold-rolled and annealed pearlite.KEY WORDS: pearlite; eutectoid steel; cold working; annealing; ultrafine-grained microstructure; mechanical property. Table 1. Chemical compositions of the alloys used (mass%).Philips CM200). The specimens for SEM observation were etched with 1 % nital after mechanical polishing. Thin foils for TEM observation were cut by an electrode discharge machine to 0.5 mmϫ0.5 mmϫ3.0 mm, mechanically thinned to 50 mm thick, and electropolished by a twin-jet polisher with 5 % perchloric acid and acetic acid solution at 36 V and 284 K.ISP in each as-transformed specimen was determined by using the TEM micrographs on which q lamellae interface was parallel to the incident beam. The q particle sizes in the specimens annealed at 923 K were determined by SEM. Using the Image analysis software (AnalySIS), which digitizes an image from the photograph, the stained carbides were identified based on gray level and separated for analysis. The area (A) of a 2-dimentional section at the polished plane was measured for each particle, and converted to an equivalent circle diameter (ECD; ϭ(4 A/p) 1/2 ) of the particle. 10) At least, four micrographs were taken with a magnification from 3 000 to 20 000 for each specimen. The total number of measured particles ranged from approximately 500 to 1 300, depending on materials and annealing periods at 923 K.The XRD (X-ray diffraction) experiment was carried out on a Philips PW1078/50 X-ray diffractometer. The tube voltage and current were 40 kV and 40 mA, respectively. The tube anode was Cu K a1 (lϭ0.15406 nm), and the receiving slit was 2 mm. The precise position of each peak was determined with the method "width of the curve at half ".Tensile tests were performed at the initial strain rate of 2ϫ10 Ϫ3 /s for the specimens of which gage size was 2.5 mm w ϫ8.5 mm l ϫ0.5 mm t and longitudinal direction was parallel to the rolling direction (RD). Results Microstructure and Tensile Properties of theAs-transformed Pearlite After austenitization at 1 123 K for 1.8 ks and subsequent isothermal transformation at 873 K for 0.6 ks, fully pearlitic structures contained mostly of lamellar cementite were obtained. The effect of Mn and Si addition on ISPs and tensile propert...

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APFIM and TEM studies of drawn pearlitic wire

Cited by 115 publications

References 12 publications

Ultrafine Grained Low Carbon Steels Fabricated by Equal Channel Angular Pressing: Microstructures and Tensile Properties.

Ultrafine Grained Low Carbon Steels Fabricated by Equal Channel Angular Pressing: Microstructures and Tensile Properties.

Comparison of the Characteristics of Nanocrystalline Ferrite in Fe-0.89C Steels with Pearlite and Spheroidite Structure Produced by Ball Milling

Effect of Mn and Si Addition on Microstructure and Tensile Properties of Cold-rolled and Annealed Pearlite in Eutectoid Fe-C Alloys

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