Apertif: Phased array feeds for the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope

Cappellen, W. A. van; Oosterloo, Tom; Verheijen, Marc; Adams, Elizabeth A. K.; Adebahr, B.; Braun, Róbert; Hess, Kelley M.; Holties, H. A.; Hulst, J. M. van der; Hut, B.; Kooistra, E.; Leeuwen, J. van; Loose, G. M.; Morganti, Raffaella; Moss, V. A.; Orrù, E.; Ruiter, M.; Schoenmakers, A. P.; Vermaas, N. J.; Wijnholds, Stefan J.; Amesfoort, A. S. van; Arts, M.; Attema, Jisk; Bakker, L.; Bassa, C. G.; Bast, J.; Benthem, P.; Beukema, R.; Blaauw, R.; Blok, W. J. G. de; Bouwhuis, M. C.; Brink, R. H. van den; Connor, Liam; Coolen, A. H. W. M.; Damstra, S.; Diepen, G. N. J. van; Goei, R. de; Dénes, H.; Drost, M.; Ebbendorf, Nico; Frank, B. S.; Gardenier, Donald; Gerbers, M.; Grange, Yan; Grit, T.; Gunst, A. W.; Gupta, N.; Ivashina, Marianna; Józsa, G. I. G.; Janssen, G. H.; Koster, A.; Kruithof, Gert; Kuindersma, S.; Kutkin, A. M.; Lucero, D. M.; Maan, Yogesh; Maccagni, F. M.; Marel, J. van der; Mika, Á.; Morawietz, J.; Mulder, H.; Mulder, E.; Norden, M. J.; Offringa, A. R.; Oostrum, L. C.; Overeem, R.; Paragi, Z.; Pepping, H. J.; Petroff, Emily; Pisano, D. J.; Polatidis, A. G.; Prasad, Peeyush; Reijer, J. P. R. de; Romein, John W.; Schaap, James C.; Schoonderbeek, G.; Schulz, R.; Schuur, D. van der; Sclocco, Alessio; Sluman, J.; Smits, R.; Stappers, B. W.; Straal, Samayra; Stuurwold, K. J. C.; Verstappen, J.; Vohl, Dany; Wierenga, K. J.; Woestenburg, E. E. M.; Zanting, A. W.; Ziemke, J.

doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202141739

Cited by 32 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…The LNAs includes a filter that suppresses the strong RFI present below the nominal bottom of the Apertif band, at 1130 MHz. This does, however, contribute ∼20 K to the total system temperature of ∼70 K (van Cappellen et al 2022). For the 12 dishes combined, and for the central, most sensitive CB, this produces an System-Equivalent Flux Density (SEFD) of ∼45 Jy at 0.75 aperture efficiency.…”

Section: Phased Array Feed (Paf)mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…To investigate some of these outstanding core questions on FRBs, we designed the Apertif Radio Transient System (ARTS; van Leeuwen 2014) to harness Apertif, the APERture Tile In Focus (van Cappellen et al 2022) on the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope (WSRT) for finding and studying FRBs.…”

Section: Solutions With Arts On Apertifmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A general description of Apertif is available in van Cappellen et al (2022). In the next three sections we describe the timedomain capabilities.…”

Section: Description Of Time Domain System: I Hardwarementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A coherent beamformer weights and sums the input voltages from the input dishes. For the single voltage TAB (for timing or VLBI), the VHDL component from the subband CB beamformer in the Apertif FEBF (van Cappellen et al 2022) was directly reused. The multi-beam TABF function for surveying contains further parameters that define the increased number of weights.…”

Section: Firmwarementioning

confidence: 99%

“…This Fringe Stopping (FS) is applied per CB there, by coarse, true sample Delay Tracking (DT) plus fine-delay Phase Tracking (PT; Sect. A.1 and van Cappellen et al 2022). This CB480 data was also already transposed by T int_x in the FEBF as shown in Fig…”

Section: Multiple Tabs On Uniboardmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Apertif Radio Transient System (ARTS): Design, Commissioning, Data Release, and Detection of the first 5 Fast Radio Bursts

Leeuwen¹,

Kooistra²,

Oostrum³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Fast Radio Bursts must be powered by uniquely energetic emission mechanisms. This requirement has eliminated a number of possible source types, but several remain. Identifying the physical nature of Fast Radio Burst (FRB) emitters arguably requires good localisation of more detections, and broadband studies enabled by real-time alerting. We here present the Apertif Radio Transient System (ARTS), a supercomputing radio-telescope instrument that performs real-time FRB detection and localisation on the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope (WSRT) interferometer. It reaches coherent-addition sensitivity over the entire field of the view of the primarydish beam. After commissioning results verified the system performed as planned, we initiated the Apertif FRB survey (ALERT). Over the first 5 weeks we observed at design sensitivity in 2019, we detected 5 new FRBs, and interferometrically localised each of these to 0.4−10 sq. arcmin. All detections are broad band and very narrow, of order 1 ms duration, and unscattered. Dispersion measures are generally high. Only through the very high time and frequency resolution of ARTS are these hard-to-find FRBs detected, producing an unbiased view of the intrinsic population properties. Most localisation regions are small enough to rule out the presence of associated persistent radio sources. Three FRBs cut through the halos of M31 and M33. We demonstrate that Apertif can localise one-off FRBs with an accuracy that maps magneto-ionic material along well-defined lines of sight. The rate of 1 every ∼7 days next ensures a considerable number of new sources are detected for such study. The combination of detection rate and localisation accuracy exemplified by the 5 first ARTS FRBs thus marks a new phase in which a growing number of bursts can be used to probe our Universe.

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Section: Phased Array Feed (Paf)mentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Solutions With Arts On Apertifmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A general description of Apertif is available in van Cappellen et al (2022). In the next three sections we describe the timedomain capabilities.…”

Section: Description Of Time Domain System: I Hardwarementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Firmwarementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Multiple Tabs On Uniboardmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The Apertif Radio Transient System (ARTS): Design, Commissioning, Data Release, and Detection of the first 5 Fast Radio Bursts

Leeuwen¹,

Kooistra²,

Oostrum³

et al. 2022

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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Working Principle of the Calibration Algorithm for High Dynamic Range Solar Imaging with the Square Kilometre Array Precursor

Kansabanik

2022

Sol Phys

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The Rapid ASKAP Continuum Survey IV: continuum imaging at 1367.5 MHz and the first data release of RACS-mid

Duchesne

Thomson

Pritchard

et al. 2023

Publ. Astron. Soc. Aust.

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The Australian SKA Pathfinder (ASKAP) is being used to undertake a campaign to rapidly survey the sky in three frequency bands across its operational spectral range. The first pass of the Rapid ASKAP Continuum Survey (RACS) at 887.5 MHz in the low band has already been completed, with images, visibility datasets, and catalogues made available to the wider astronomical community through the CSIRO ASKAP Science Data Archive (CASDA). This work presents details of the second observing pass in the mid band at 1367.5 MHz, RACS-mid, and associated data release comprising images and visibility datasets covering the whole sky south of $\delta_{\text{J2000}}=+49^\circ$ . This data release incorporates selective peeling to reduce artefacts around bright sources, as well as accurately modelled primary beam responses. The Stokes I images reach a median noise of 198 $\mu$ Jy PSF $^{-1}$ with a declination-dependent angular resolution of 8.1–47.5 arcsec that fills a niche in the existing ecosystem of large-area astronomical surveys. We also supply Stokes V images after application of a widefield leakage correction, with a median noise of 165 $\mu$ Jy PSF $^{-1}$ . We find the residual leakage of Stokes I into V to be $\lesssim 0.9$ – $2.4$ % over the survey. This initial RACS-mid data release will be complemented by a future release comprising catalogues of the survey region. As with other RACS data releases, data products from this release will be made available through CASDA.

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Apertif: Phased array feeds for the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope

Cited by 32 publications

References 84 publications

The Apertif Radio Transient System (ARTS): Design, Commissioning, Data Release, and Detection of the first 5 Fast Radio Bursts

The Apertif Radio Transient System (ARTS): Design, Commissioning, Data Release, and Detection of the first 5 Fast Radio Bursts

Working Principle of the Calibration Algorithm for High Dynamic Range Solar Imaging with the Square Kilometre Array Precursor

The Rapid ASKAP Continuum Survey IV: continuum imaging at 1367.5 MHz and the first data release of RACS-mid

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