Ape Consciousness–Human Consciousness: A Perspective Informed by Language and Culture

Fields, William M.; Taglialatela, Jared P.

doi:10.1093/icb/40.6.910

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…If successful in obtaining the banana, subjects never continued to signal, but if unsuccessful they tended to elaborate their communicative efforts by switching to new signals, suggesting an apparent attempt to rectify an unsuccessful communication event and misunderstanding. With our third analysis, we showed that, similarly to human infants interacting with adults 7 52 and language-trained bonobos interacting with their caretakers 14 15 , subjects adapted their signal production according to whether or not they knew the recipient. In particular, they used more repetitions with a familiar recipient but elaborated more, by using new signals with an unfamiliar one.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Results of these studies have regularly been interpreted in terms of language-relevant capacities (e.g. 11 12 13 ), including the claim that bonobos are capable of taking into account shared knowledge when interacting with familiar humans 14 15 . A general conclusion from this literature is that key cognitive abilities necessary for language were already present in the common ancestor of modern humans, chimpanzees and bonobos.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Bonobos modify communication signals according to recipient familiarity

Genty

Neumann

Zuberbühler

2015

Sci Rep

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Human and nonhuman primate communication differs in various ways. In particular, humans base communicative efforts on mutual knowledge and conventions shared between interlocutors. In this study, we experimentally tested whether bonobos (Pan paniscus), a close relative to humans, are able to take into account the familiarity, i.e. the shared interaction history, when communicating with a human partner. In five experimental conditions we found that subjects took the recipients’ attentional state and their own communicative effectiveness into account by adjusting signal production accordingly. More importantly, in case of communicative failure, subjects repeated previously successful signals more often with a familiar than unfamiliar recipient, with whom they had no previous interactions, and elaborated by switching to new signals more with the unfamiliar than the familiar one, similar to what has previously been found in two year-old children. We discuss these findings in relation to the human capacity to establish common ground between interlocutors, a crucial aspect of human cooperative communication.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Bonobos modify communication signals according to recipient familiarity

Genty

Neumann

Zuberbühler

2015

Sci Rep

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“…[19,22,25,26,42,45,46]), or the use by animals of a technological medium to communicate with humans (e.g. [20,39]).…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactive Digital Gameplay Can Lower Stress Hormone Levels in Home Alone Dogs — A Case for Animal Welfare Informatics

Geurtsen

Lamers

Schaaf

2015

Entertainment Computing - ICEC 2015

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Social isolation, when owners are not home, is a major stressor for dogs leading to separation anxiety and related behavioral and physiological issues. We investigate whether a digital interactive game requiring no human interference reduces stress response in dogs when isolated. An interactive game was developed specifically for canines. Dogs were domestically tested, totaling 15 days with and 15 days without the game. Twice-daily saliva samples were analyzed for cortisol stress hormone concentrations; ethograms were constructed. Combined data confirm that digital interactive games can lessen physiological and behavioral stress responses in dogs, and that the effect is modulated by a dog's personality.

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“…cephalopods (Hochner et al, 2006;Wollsen et al, 2009;Alves et al, 2013), amphibians, fish 35 , reptiles such as lizards and snakes, birds such as woodpeckers (Tebbich et al, 2001), jays (Clayton, 2007;Emery & Clayton, 2008;Watanabe et al, 2014), crows (Hunt, 1996;Hunt & Gray, 2003a;Hunt & Gray, 2003b;Taylor et al, 2012) and parrots (Auersperg et al, 2012;, mammals such as elephants (Moss, 1988), cetaceans Krützen et al, 2014), caniforms, feliforms, rodents, and, evidently, apes (chimpanzees and bonobos, gorillas, orangutans, and gibbons) and monkeys (baboons, macaques) (Goodall, 1964;deVore, 1965;Nishida, 1968;Premack, 1971;Fouts, 1973;Terrace, 1979;Patterson & Linden, 1981;SavageRumbaugh et al, 1985;Savage-Rumbaugh et al, 1986;Wallman, 1992;McGrew, 1992;Parker & Gibson, 1990;van Schaik & Knott, 2001; LadyginaKohts & de Waal, 2002;de Waal, 2006;van Schaik et al, 2003;Hobaiter & Byrne, 2011;Boesch, 2012;Schrier et al, 2013, etc.). Because these studies-numerous, well-documented and grounded in well-designed and carefully executed observations and experiments-are relatively recent, they are to be found mostly in research papers, the syntheses being still rare and more cautious in making firm statements than the original research 36 .…”

Section: Homo Sapiens Sapiens (Prima Sum: Primatum Nil a Me Alienum Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

The organicity of science

Gafton¹

2015

Diacronia

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The systemic character of entities implies their being formed of discrete elements whose conjunction generates hierarchical structures, functions, forces, and roles. While the observation and study of entities entails their segregation with respect to certain sets of criteria, their understanding follows from their thorough comprehension, in plenary connection with the environment of which they are component, product, and factor.Having the profound role of bringing the human being in the state of knowing and understanding the Universe, science (including the methodology that invents and governs paths, and the apparatus that makes the entire endeavour operational) follows this model of specialized division. Starting from the initial common state, science develops its observations by identifying and describing the reality and its specialized components, in accordance with how they are structured and function, constantly tailoring its means of investigations to the genetic, structural, and functional peculiarities of those aspects.The completion and evolution of science are consequent to the assimilation of this approach beyond the interdisciplinary level, and arise from the conjunction of scientific knowledge, methods, and instruments, aimed at reflecting reality in its entirety and integrality. This outcome requires a recurrent reconsideration and revision of the organism of science.

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Ape Consciousness–Human Consciousness: A Perspective Informed by Language and Culture

Cited by 9 publications

References 22 publications

Bonobos modify communication signals according to recipient familiarity

Bonobos modify communication signals according to recipient familiarity

Interactive Digital Gameplay Can Lower Stress Hormone Levels in Home Alone Dogs — A Case for Animal Welfare Informatics

The organicity of science

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